Analytical Summary free essay sample

She feels that if women were more respected and seen as equals, hip hops image loud lose all its hype. These attacks on women makes McMullen feel that the black community as a whole is fighting themselves. As a community the blacks are to stand up for each other and any attack on black women is an attack on the blacks as a whole. McMullen wants hip hops culture to change and that if anybody talked down on women they should lose everything they have gotten being an artist. She also believes that if hip hop doesnt do right by the women, everything hip hop does will always fail.In the fourth section, McMullen addresses the challenges the African American women must face if hey accept Bowels explanation for hip hop being the way it is. She states that accepting his apology is basically accepting the fact that they are what hip hop labels them as and are victims while the people of the same race benefit from it financially. We will write a custom essay sample on Analytical Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She then says she refuses to just be called diminishing names all because the male artist are frustrated from oppression and turn to down women. She compares Powell and others like him to those who used to criticize and attack the female writers who publicly revealed the patriarchy of the black community. The males who felt betrayed skewered the male writers not understanding that they didnt create the situations that they told. Black womens literature that challenged sexism was often attacked by black men who felt that being exposed defeated their whole purpose with women they tried to get over with.These women writers were often described as villains or traitors to the black community since they wouldnt stop revealing the ugly truth, and the rappers were made heroes. Jennifer McMullen concludes by saying, sexism is just as much the enemy of my people as racism, and stating that she will not accept the way she and her sisters are degraded and humiliated by the black men. She then argues again with Powell stating he should come clean and admit that at the end of the day, it doesnt matter how women are treated.McMullen believe s that sexism is the only way you can make it to the top in the mainstream world and that Powell and others knows this too. McMullen then suggests boycotting humiliation and labeling it as an enemy of their community. In doing that, she believes that hip hop would change consistently and it would no longer make money and such a big impact from degrading women. This would show women as equals and not as what hip hop labels them as now.

Kimberly Kinkaid - A life story essays

Kimberly Kinkaid - A life story essays In Girl, by Jamaica Kincaid, a mother gives advice to her young daughter about many different issues in life. The mother shows love and family togetherness by educating her daughter with her beliefs and experiences that she's encountered throughout her life. The mother very blatantly tells her daughter things she must not do in order to not be called a "slut." There are many things a young girl must learn when she is becoming a woman. There is no better teacher than her mother. There are three very important types of advice that should be given to a young girl when she is becoming a woman; education, boys and the importance of overcoming peer pressure. Jamaica Kincaid's "Girl" is written in the most unusual way, from beginning to end, the sentence structure changes. The changes in structure occur three times, which indicates to the reader the change in the mother's tone as she addresses her daughter. This also gives insight to the relationship that the mother has with her daughter. And it ultimately provides for elements within the theme of "Girl" Jamaica Kincaid's short story, "Girl" is unique in that while it clearly lacks a precise plot, it delivers a message as clearly as more traditionally crafted pieces of fiction. The story borders on being a monologue on the part of the mother as she dictates to her daughter her expected roles in life. There is no room for discussion as the mother rambles incessantly of the things expected of her daughter, most likely because the mother believes there is no room for discussion as to a woman's place in society. Through strict limitations of style, tone, and point of view, Jamaica Kincaid delivers a somber story of the rela. ...

Important Considerations of Calorie Dissertation

Important Considerations of Calorie - Dissertation Example Most of the previous research that has been done in this field relates perceptions and attitudes of consumers towards fast food. The global trend clearly indicates that consumption of fast food have increased significantly in the past two decades with the infiltration of fast food giants into the major cities of the world. Studies conducted in United States have shown that the percentage of calorie intake from fast food have increased from 3% to 20% in the past twenty years (Henderson and Kelly, 2005). It has been documented in the existing literature that individuals who consume fast food have been observed to consume more calories compared to the nutritional content which contribute to factors like obesity and other health related problems (Binkley, 2006). Research conducted in United States regard of fast food consumption has revealed that consumption of fast food is very high for young adults. Individuals belonging to the age group of 19-25 years have been observed to consume higher proportion of fast food than individuals belonging to the age group of 12-18 and 30-39. College students prefer to consume fast food primarily because they are low in cost and conveniently available (Bowen and Vinyard, 2004). Most of the studies that have been conducted regarding the consumption of fast food among college students have shown that convenience is the most important reason that makes college students intake fast food. The increasing globalization of the world economy has altered the preference of Asian consumers.

Margaret Fuller Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Margaret Fuller - Essay Example However, a reflective analysis of the works and writings of this journalist, critic and women's rights activist of the American transcendental movement confirms that she is not a feminist in the true sense. Labeling Margaret Fuller as a feminist will be a mistake and, therefore, she should not be labeled as a feminist, but as a strong American woman, a spokesperson for education, proponent for not only women's rights but rights for all mankind. One of the most significant explanations of this idea can be found in Annette Kolodny's "Inventing a Feminist Discourse: Rhetoric and Resistance in Margaret Fuller's Woman in the Ninteenth Century", where the author indicates how Margaret Fuller deviated from the general category of feminists, through her writings. "By rejecting persuasion as a tactic for feminist discourse, in effect, Fuller dispensed with those organizing principles that had come to be associated with most public advocacy in her day. As a result, despite the chronological ar rangement of her 'signs of the times,' and despite Fuller's demonstrated command of formal logic and her employment of both inductive and deductive modes of reasoning, she opened herself to the charge that she was aimlessly amassing miscellaneous evidence In other words, because Fuller did not order her treatise in the conventional manner, critics dismissed the whole as the by-product of stereotypically uncontrolled female talkativeness transferred to the printed page." (Kolodny, 159-60) These criticisms, however, assume importance in the wider perspective of her writings as feminist writings and there is no real intension from the author, especially in her Woman in the Ninteenth Century, to come up with a strong voice of an ardent feminist. She is more interested in reflecting her ideas as a strong American woman, a spokesperson for education, proponent for the rights for all mankind, along with women's rights. Therefore, a profound analysis of the works and writings of Margaret Fu ller confirms that she cannot be called a feminist in true essence, though she was an inspiration for women, as well as any group that has been oppressed or repressed. One of the regular mistakes among the scholars who study the works of Margaret Fuller, especially the contemporary feminist writers, is that they often tend to associate her with feminism and consider her as one of the earliest feminists. Although she was an important figure of the New England Transcendentalist movement, along with Ralph Waldo Emerson and others, it is not completely justifiable to consider Margaret Fuller as a feminist who has contributed to the earliest movements of the feminists in American literature. Her uniquely important place in 19th century history of American literature can be realized in the background of her works and writings at a time when the role of women in her society was severely limited. Thus, she was an important champion of the rights of women in her period and upheld the importance of education for women. Through her contributions to the development of the New England Transcendentalist movement, she proved her major concerns which are for the g ood of the society as a whole. Fuller was the editor of The Dial, the magazine of the transcendentalists, for two years in the early 1840s and she established her ideologies concerning the plight of women as well as the society in general. The enduring eminence of this great human being should be realized in her works as a

Storm King Mountain Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Storm King Mountain Case - Essay Example ged use of aggressive tactics, and were categorized as ‘watch out situations,’ the firefighters continued to take the bold step of building fire line downhill upon receiving confirmation from their leader, Mackey, that the area was good enough with less vegetation, and not much risk from existing fire. The crew members relied completely on Mackey’s judgment as they trusted in his abilities more than their conviction of adhering to the guidelines. Attributable to their can-do attitude, the firefighters ignored most of the rules because their ultimate aim was to stop fire from spreading. They did not regard these guidelines as procedures to be used in firefighting; rather, they relied more on their critical judgment based on experience and situational constraints. Hackman and Oldham’s Job Characteristics Model (JCM) explains employee behavior based on four motivational aspects namely, job characteristics, critical psychological states, personal and work outcomes and growth-need strength. The JCM framework helps in understanding managerial functions as well as the psychological processes associated with work that are associated with employee behavior and outcome of employee actions. This model emphasizes the role of job design that ultimately leads to experienced meaningfulness of work, experienced responsibility for the outcomes, and knowledge of the results of work activities (Debnath, Tandon & Pointer, 2007). A team leader can determine what skills would be best to perform a specific job and deploy staff accordingly. In addition, the task to be performed needs to be identified in advance besides having complete understanding of how the task or job impacts the employees and/or other stake holders. Identification of skills and tasks to be accomplished will also help the leader assess the extent to which the staff may be empowered to take their own decisions. While autonomy is an effective way to motivate staff, the level of autonomy requires a

Background Of Bhutanese Public And Private Sector Economics Essay

Background Of Bhutanese Public And Private Sector Economics Essay Introduction. The Bhutanese economy is considerably underdeveloped. The mountainous terrain and the rugged topography makes development activities complex. With an estimated population of 684,000 (2010), the country lacks work force and professionals in different departments. The country experienced an average GDP growth rate at 9% in the 10th FYP. The livelihood of the majority of the population of Bhutan still depends on agriculture and its allied group. The government has and will continue to play a lead role as Bhutanese economy undergoes major structural reform. Public sectors form the part of the companies and corporations that are owned by the government. The private sector includes all profit businesses that are not owned or operated by the government. The private sector in Bhutan is hampered by the size of the market, lack of infrastructure and financial instability which is why the public sector plays a dominant role for major economic operations. The operation of the Bhutanese economy is divided into three sectors namely primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. Initially public sector was held responsible for the operation of all the three sectors but with the advent of modern Bhutanese economy, private sector plays a significant role in enhancing production and profitability. This paper briefs on the background of the public and private sectors in Bhutan, their contribution towards GDP, employment and social welfare. With the process of modernization, privatization is given more attention and government aims to strengthen the privatization strategy to generate more revenue, employment opportunities and expand the countrys economic operations. Background of Public and private sector. Public Sector. Public sector in Bhutan is the part of the economy controlled by the nation and is concerned with providing basic government services. Akin to majority of the developing countries, public sector in Bhutan includes education, health care, police, military, public roads, communication, etc. The public sector can be defined as: The public sector is that portion of society controlled by national, state or provincial, and local governments. (Investors word.com 2011) The Bhutanese economy is based on the unique development philosophy of Gross National Happiness initiated by the Forth King Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The Royal Government has played a leading role in the modern sector of Bhutans economy. The government has direct involvement in every developmental activity due to the shortage of local entrepreneurs and capital from the private entities in the country. The public sector overlaps with the private sector in producing or providing certain goods and services. In Bhutan almost every large organizations are under the ministries of the Royal Government. For instance: Ministry of Health, Education, Trade and Industry, Communications etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are all public owned. Since the first Five Year Plan in 1961, the government has addressed the need for basic education other than monastic education. Education programmes were given boost in 1990 when the Asian Development Bank granted a US$7.13 million loan. Bhutans modern health care development accelerated with the establishment of the Department of Public Health in the 1960s and the opening of new hospitals and dispensaries throughout the country. Even today, Ministry of health is fully under public sector. Likewise, Agriculture sector, communications, major industries like Penden cement authority, Chhukha Hydro power corporations, Bhutan tourism Industry, Druk Air etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which forms the highest revenue in the country till date the public are under the public sector. The Private sector. The role of private sector is gaining more importance in Bhutan and the world as a whole. The private sector can be defined as: Part of national economy made up of, and resources owned by, private enterprises. It includes the personal sector (households) and corporate sector (firms), and is responsible for allocating most of the resources within an economy. (Business dictionary.com, 2011) The Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industry is a non-profit organization comprising of business community from all around the country. It was established in 1980 with the motto of developing and being responsible for private sector development. The BCCI provides linkages between the government and the private sector and works closely with all the government agencies, autonomous organizations, international organizations and donor agencies towards facilitations and promotion of trade and industrial development in the kingdom. (BCCI, n.d) Private sector development plays an important role in the economic development of the country. Various aspects of private sector development are addressed in different decision plans. During the 6th FYP, government adopted appropriate strategies and policies to recognize the role of private sectors. Government continued to promote an enabling environment (8th FYP, 2002) for the continual growth and to take greater share in the private sector during the 7th FYP. The 8th FYP general approach is toward privatization and private sector development. It mainly focuses on privatization of public sector activities by empowering various programmes like outright sale, partial minority ownership, management contracting, lease management and commercialization. (8th FYP, 2002). This will encourage private sector efficiency and profitability. The plan also focuses on enhancing the current level of activities and promoting new activities. Privatization was given due importance since the 7th FYP. Public enterprises were divested. The state trading corporation of Bhutan divested 49% of its shares, and the management of the company was given over to the private sector.(Development towards GHN, 2000.p. 28) Some of the examples of divesting programmes by the public sector to the private sector are as follows: Calcium carbide plant, gypsum, slate and coal mines was fully privatized. Sha slate mines in Wangdiphodrang, salt iodination plant in phuntsholing was also privatized. Tourism sector, hotels and transport sectors are successful private firms now. Public enterprises such as Druk Air, Hydro Power Plants, Bank of Bhutan, Bhutan Polythene corporation, Fruit Processing Unit in Paro etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦could not be sold to private sectors as they were not financially strong and most of them lacked interest. (8th FYP, 2002). Therefore public sector will remain to monitor the large industries in the country like Power Corporations, Dungsam cement project etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦because such projects are beyond the capacity of the private sector. Private sector also has a lead role to play in different ministries of the Royal government of Bhutan. For instances: Ministry of Agriculture private food processing units such as Agro-based industry in Samtse manufactures pickle, juice etc. Druk Seed Corporations has successfully been achieved. Ministry of Trade and Industry privatization of micro and mini hydel power plants. Ministry of communication- road constructions, postal services and forms of transportation like buses and taxis are privately owned. Ministry of Health- Private clinics are initiated to encourage doctors to work efficiently and maximize their earnings. Ministry of Education Private schools especially at pre-primary and degree level have become essential in shaping the countrys future. The main economic indicators of economic indicators in Bhutan are Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Income and International Trade. In table 1, the real GDP in 2011 increased to US$ 1500. The real GDP growth from US$ 125.3 million in 2006 to US$ 131.3 million in 2007 with the growth rate of 21.4 percent has also been recorded. With the average exchange rate of Nu.41.1 per 1 US$,(2010) Bhutans GDP is therefore estimated at Nu. 61650 in 2010. This mainly accounted to the revenues from hydro-power sector, tourism and construction of infrastructures in recent years development plans. The current account of balance of payment (% in GDP) is recorded at -4.3, 12.2, -2.2, -9.6, -7.2, -13.8 in the year 2006, 2007,2008,2009,2010 and 2011 respectively. The inflation rate based on implicit GDP deflator (base year 2000) decreased to 4.5% in 2010 compared to 8.0 in 2006. Public and private sectors contribution towards GDP of Bhutan. The public and private sectors work as the two hands of the Bhutanese economy. The contribution of both the sectors contributes to the nations capital formation. For instance, Public sector initiates various large economic activities like the hydro power which forms the major part of countrys GDP and the private sector take the responsibility in constructions of dams and micro, mini hydro power projects. Both public and private sectors are categorized into three sectors namely: From the above table 2, we can find that the tertiary sector has recorded the highest growth at 12.2 in 2009 followed by secondary sector at 4.1 and primary sector at 1.6. this is mainly because of the structural transformation and development in community and social services, communications and storage, construction and transport, manufacturing and financial service sector. The primary sector includes agriculture proper, livestock production, forestry and logging, mining and quarry. The overall performance of the agriculture, livestock, and forestry sectors improved during 2009. The forestry and logging sub-sector revived from its negative growth of 1.4% in 2008 to 3.9% in 2009. In 2009, primary sectors contribution contracted by 1.6% down from 2.5% in the previous year. Corresponding, its sectors contribution to real GDP growth declined 0.5% in 2008 to 0.3% in 2009. The secondary sectors share to nominal GDP also saw a slight decline from 20.7% in 2008 to 20.5% in 2009. This was mainly credited to the negative growth in mining and quarrying sector. The secondary sector includes manufacturing, electricity and construction. The real GDP in this sector declined from 5.5% in 2008 to 4.1% in 2009. This was mainly due to decline in manufacturing sector and electricity. The real growth in manufacturing sector dropped from 8.5% in 2008 to 6.9% in 2009. However, due to the construction of hydro-power and related infrastructures contributes, a positive growth rate of 16.1% in 2009 from 10.2% in 2008 was recorded. Bhutans tertiary sectors performance improved in 2009 with 12.2% growth compared to 4.8% in 2008. Correspondingly, this sectors share to nominal GDP expanded to 39.8% in 2009 from 38.4% in 2008. (RGoB, RMA 2011) Employment. Despite the endless developmental efforts by the public and private sector, unemployment has remained a burning issue in the Bhutanese economy. With the growing population and increasing literates, unemployment has become a fundamental problem in the country. About 50,000 school graduates and 19,000 migrants from rural to urban areas are expected to enter Bhutans labour market in 2002-2007, making employment generation, particularly in the private sector, an urgent need. (Bhutan country strategy paper, 2007). Most of the graduates look for government jobs in urban areas. This, coupled with the rural-urban migration, would mean that Bhutan will have to create around 14,000 jobs annually. The private sector will not be able to take all the job seekers. The limited entrepreneurial tradition and the high status accorded to government employment, together with generally inflated wage expectations (relative to the productivity level) make job creation a daunting task for such a small country. To meet this challenge, the Royal Government of Bhutan has set up many vocational training institutes to provide the job market with skilled workers in a wide range of trades. (Bhutan country strategy paper, 2007). Although share of primary sector in GDP is gradually decreasing, agriculture is still the predominant sector providing employment to around 65.37% (NSB, 2009) of the labour force. The private sector is emerging as the important sector generating employment opportunities for the rapidly increasing labour market. Although employment data is weak in Bhutan, it is estimated that around 60,000 people are employed in the formal sector. Of these, approximately 22, 0000 are employed in public sector institutions (of which 14, 258 are employed in the civil service). This implies that around 60 percent of total formal-sector jobs are in the private sector. However, of the total 60,000 formal sector jobs, it is estimated that 50 percent are held by non-nationals. As the share of non-nationals in public sector institutions is likely to be very small the majority of these 30,000 non-national workers are employed in the private sector. (Private sector survey.p. 9) There are assorted difficulties faced by the Public and private sector in the development process. Difficulties in development of private sector. The development of a financial market has a direct relationship to the growth of private sector. The private sector lacks capital. High rate of interest is charged on borrowings. Innovative forms of lending are limited and the existing collateral-based lending does not promote entrepreneurship. (Development towards GNH,p.86) Most private business is small and family owned but lack professional management. Job opportunities in private sector continue to be less attractive then the Royal Government despite the introduction of Chathrim for employment in the private sector. (Development towards GNH,p.86) Privatization is a new developmental phenomenon and requires a enabling environment. The pace of setting up a comprehensive and harmonious environment needs to be stepped up. Relatively small size of the local market. Lack of entrepreneurial expertise and experience. There is lack of entrepreneurial talent due to the very new nature of most private sector activities in Bhutan; Shortage of domestic skilled and unskilled labour. Lack of physical infrastructure and establishment site. Lack of competition. Difficulties in the development of the public sector. Bhutanese economy largely depends on foreign aids. The budgets for the development activities are received through grant, aid, debt and entire revenue of the country. The revenue of the country is very minimal to undertake developmental activities. Therefore, country is compelled to depend on public debts which in long run have to be paid with the interest and it affects the balance of payment. Bhutan has a rugged topography and her aim to maintain 60% of the area under forest cover makes regional development difficult. Rescheduling in undertaking the progress. The developmental activities in case of public sector are based on governments set of rules which leads to rescheduling and delay in progress. Lack of proper accounting and auditing in public sectors. There is no regular system and mechanism to provide public sector accountants with continuing professionals and training. Lack of skilled and unskilled labour. One-half of the population is considered literate with limited skills and experience. We have less number of technically trained professionals. Thus, the lack of adequate human resource has forced our private and public sector to remain technically backward leading to very slow space of progress. There should be improvement in the code of conduct amongst the civil servants. Procrastination is a common problem in various governmental agencies. There are neither updated reports nor specific data available. Proper working hour should be allotted and outcome should be studied for constant progress. Bhutans financial system is undeveloped and noncompetitive. It only offers very basic financial products and at a fairy high cost. Conclusion. The behavior of the public and the private sectors determine the success and failures of the Bhutanese economy. They are the pair of hands of the Bhutanese economy. Public sector is the part of the economy concerned with providing basic government services and private sector forms the part of national economy made up of, and resources owned by, private enterprises. Both the sector have shown rapid development progress in terms of economic and social welfare. Although at present the private sector in Bhutan is small and lacks absorptive power, the government places considerable emphasis on its role as the engine of Bhutans future growth. Huge employment opportunities are created due to new private firms and the existing markets in the public sectors. However, both the sectors are facing enormous problems in the development process. In order to improve the pace of development and to increase the GDP of the nation, it is recommended that the public and private sector work in harmony and frame policies such that private sector receives equal priority as the public sector. It is also recommended that the civil servants code of conduct be checked. Proper working hour should be allotted and outcome should be studied for constant progress. To improve the efficiency and the quality in the developmental activities, there should be more production of local professionals and skilled labour and implement ways to strengthen the existing sectors.

A Research on Communication Technologies and their Applications Essay

Videoconferencing The keyword â€Å"videoconferencing† when entered into search engines such as Google would immediately reveal at least two classifications of information. The first is consisted of applications developed and being marketed and sold for use. The second are business enterprises that offer videoconferencing services and facilities for individuals and businesses. For example, there is a company called Cliftons which caters to multinational clientele and provides conferencing service to its staff who are scattered across the globe. This usage may include meetings, trainings and other organizational activities. Cliftons (2012) rightly argue that videoconferencing â€Å"overcomes the problems inherent in communications between regional business centres as well as enabling [the management] to keep in touch with key people whilst away from their office.† It is a matter of in-depth research to determine the exact nature of this technology, explaining the principle behind its oper ation and conferencing process. An excellent resource for videoconferencing as is the case for almost all things, people, places, and so forth is, of course, Wikipedia. This website has detailed information on this technology. However, it is widely recognized that the site is unreliable and is not often recommended by academic institutions as a resource. Nonetheless, the website proved an effective starting ground that informed this researcher’s efforts at investigating videoconferencing technology. The information provided in the website offered insights as to what specific aspects of the technology should be examined and documented. The preliminary research enabled the identification of at least two types of videoconferencing platforms. There is the case... ...he noise results in satellite power failures. Works Cited Cliftons. (2012). Fact sheet. Cliftons. Retrieved from http://www.cliftons.com/video-conferencing-facilities. Dundee Satellite Receiving Station. (n.d.). Geostationary Satellites Frequently Asked Questions. Dundee Satellite Receiving Station. Retrieved from http://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/pdusfaq.html. â€Å"Geostationary Satellites.† (2007). Reformation.org. Retrieved from http://www.reformation.org/geostationary-satellites.html. United States Office of Satellite Operations. (2012). Geostationary Satellites. (USOSO). Retrieved from http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/. Videoconference.com. (2012). Start Videoconferencing. Videoconference.com. Retrieved from http://www.videoconference.com/. Webopedia. (2012). Videoconferencing. Webopedia. Retrieved from http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/V/videoconferencing.html.

Poverty and Education Essay

Poverty has been defined by many authors as the total absence of opportunities that go with high levels of illiteracy, hunger, malnourishment, lack of education, physical and mental ailments, social and emotional instability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poverty is characterized by chronic shortage of political, economic and social participation, leading individuals to feel socially excluded preventing access to the benefits of social and economic developments and hence limiting cultural development and diversification (UN Chronicle, Dec 2000 by Ramon Osiris   Blanco). Reasons for poverty are diverse with main factors being social and individual conditions. The social conditions is tied intrinsically to the political and economic realms as it is the administrator of power who regulates the distribution of resources and services, creating controls which bring about inequalities that are some times found in land distribution capital infrastructure, markets, and information or consulting services or any other fields that bring   about differences inhuman development. In the individual conditions inequality translates to limitations in access to services such as portable water, education recreation, public hygiene and health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In United States of America just like any other part of the world, poverty has contributed to poor levels of education among poor students. For instance poor students end up attending sub standard schools where the pupil – teacher ratio is not ideal, these s schools have poorly trained teachers thereby compromising the standards of education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poverty in education has historically been an issue in relation to American schools.   In the 1980s it was known that impoverished children were less likely to succeed in education and that something had to be done to alter this situation for the poor. It is as a result of this that many political leaders and other administrators, both in the past and presently came up with policies aimed at addressing the problem of poverty in relation to education. Hillary Clinton in her contribution suggests that changes in policies for poor children must include changes in the educational system: something she claims to have been struggling to accomplish for the past 35 years. Change of system would not achieve much if those policies already in place are not fully implemented. As National Ministries agrees with Clinton’s ideas, stating that the elimination of No Child Left behind (NCLB) Act would be an asset to achieving this goal. It is actually a matter of good will and seriousness by the leaders in addressing this issue rather than changing the systems. Although NCLB act has been in place for quite some time it has not achieved its objectives: the country has the highest number of young poor citizens’ compared to other developed nations.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Barrack Obama on his part, believes that changing education for the poor must begin with changing financial aid for college students in order to provide assistance for impoverished students in need of higher education. This is practical, and this view is supported by Hillman, who also contends that the current administration has done nothing to alter life for the impoverished and that education should be President Bush’s main focus as president. Obama’s view is also supported by the fact that poverty stricken students in poor states have been faced with unequal distribution of resources such federal aids. A report released in 2006 on this issue revealed that the poorest states were being shortchanged by policies aimed at distributing federal aid to public schools. It further reveals that wealthier states were receiving more federal aids (http://technocrat.net/d/2006/12/27/12662).    Other than distributing resources to poor students as supported by Obama, there is also further need to consider who is actually needy and able to excel in academics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kotlowitz suggests, through his research, that the young children struggling to succeed in school must be the target of social concern because in the early years it is when children will determine whether or not education is of value in their lives.   This viewpoint makes it clear that each of the candidates and researchers that have presented ideas about poverty and education have completely failed to understand that it is not that further educational reform is needed; it is that support for current reform policies must be supported if impoverished children are to realize the benefits of education. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton argues that children living in poverty in the United States is a â€Å"moral outrage† (para. 2).   Clinton focuses on the issue of poverty in her campaign through several different perspectives, to include education, health care, housing, hunger and abuse.   In relation to education Clinton states: [In Arkansas] I started a special program for mothers of pre-scholars to get their kids ready for kindergarten, and also worked on reforming the state’s rural health care system, which helped many poor families and their children. As First Lady, I pushed the effort to expand Head Start and help create Early Head Start. (para. 5)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   National Ministries agrees with Clinton that the issue of poverty must be addressed through several avenues in order to assist impoverished youth.   In 2005 National Ministries elected to narrow down their focus, however, on education and the unfair standardized testing program created through the federal No Child Left Behind Act due to their belief that NCLB does not consider that impoverished children traditionally score lower on tests that other youths (â€Å"Advisory† para.   6).   Consequently, according to National Ministries, NCLB is an ineffective program that hinders the educational success of the poor and action is needed through state and federal governments to end the negative impact that NCLB has on children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The history of NCLB begins with a report commissioned by President Ronald Reagan on the state of American schools. The report, entitled â€Å"A Nation at Risk,† concluded that the American educational system was in horrendous shape, impacted by inadequate learning programs, ineffective teachers and low expectations for students (â€Å"Nation†).   The panel producing the report called on federal and state authorities to address these issues because of the declining test scores of students in order to ensure that students of today were prepared to be productive members of society tomorrow. Despite the federal monies that were then placed into education the educational systems of the nation did not heed the advice of the panel and no significant effort was made to reform public education completely throughout the ’90s and the presidency of Bill Clinton.   It was not until 2001 that George W. Bush signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act that mandated educational reform and provided for consequences if all children were not equally educated despite their socioeconomic class (â€Å"No Child†).   The legislation forced teachers and administrators to realize that lowering standards for any students meant lowering expectations, goals and opportunities and that impoverished students were being overlooked and cast aside. It is interesting to note, however, that Clinton speaks of her massive progress in educational reform while first lady and that National Ministries argues that standardized testing does not take into account the inabilities of poor children.   The fact remains that massive educational reform was not realized until the Clinton’s left office and that standardized testing completely opposes the notion that poor students cannot learn, as indicated in the report â€Å"A Nation at Risk†, which states: Our recommendations are based on the beliefs that everyone can learn, that everyone is born with an urge to learn which can be nurtured, that a solid high school education is within the reach of virtually all, and that life-long learning will equip people with the skills required for new careers and for citizenship. (â€Å"Nation†)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, despite the passage of NCLB into law in 2001 Lazarus contends that President Bush, speaking at the United Nations in 2005, discussed poverty and the need to create a global environment in which â€Å"the burden of poverty†¦is lifted†¦permanently† from the poor (para. 1-2).   Bush was speaking of economic change and the need for nations to come together to address the concern for the impoverished. However, according to Lazarus, Bush should have been considering how he could alter the nation’s educational system in order to ensure that children in the United States had the skills to be competitive in the globalized marketplace and potentially advance into higher education (para. 5).   It is evident that the call of Lazarus for educational reform in 2005 completely missed the reality that NCLB was signed into law in 2001. Devarics discussed the appointment of Barack Obama to the Senate Education Committee, stressing that Obama appeared to have two chief concerns regarding education.   These concerns included Obama’s focus on increasing Pell Grant funding provided by the federal government for college students and creating â€Å"innovative districts† that offered an alternative to traditional education (para. 7-12). Hillman supports the notion that methods must be altered by the government and society for aiding impoverished students in their pursuit of higher education (para. 3).   Hillman begins his article by stating that of the 14 most impoverished states 11 of them are located in the South, meaning that southern children are more inclined to â€Å"be left behind† than their northern counterparts (para. 2).   Yet, Hillman continues by stating that the most effective approach to assisting these students is to ensure that they have access to a college education and that funding, as well as programs, must be changed in order for a higher education to be a reality for the impoverished. The argument for equality in higher education is important, however, Kotlowitz contends that by the age of ten the identities and beliefs of children are being formed, which will influence every aspect of the child’s interaction with education and the social order (ix).   The view of Kotlowitz is significant because he spent two years investigating the lives of two male youths at the age of 10 that were struggling with poverty and the impact that poverty had on their lives and decisions.   The journalistic evidence of Kotlowitz, therefore, provides evidence that changing education must begin for youth is those children are even to consider the possibility of advancing on to college. Conclusion It is evident in the research that multiple ideas exist regarding poverty and education in the United States.   Clinton, Lazarus and the National Ministries speak as though no reform related to education has occurred in the past few decades and that this issue must be addressed.   Obama and Hillman conclude that in order to assist the poor with education increases in federal Pell Grants should be created.   Yet, what each of these arguments fails to realize is that federal mandates on educational reform were created in 2001 through NCLB.   These mandates are being called unfair and unsuccessful by some and ignored by many others.    Additionally, these mandates force those within the educational system to alter their educational programs specifically for the poor, including young children who are just beginning to make decisions about the rest of their lives.   There is no question that the views expressed in the research completely overlook the fact that no program for addressing the needs of the poor in education will ever be successful if those in authority fail to support it, or even attempt to try it for the benefit of those concerned.   Consequently the viewpoints expressed by all but Kotlowitz do not fully concentrate on the issue of poverty and education; rather they misrepresent this concern to the American people intentionally and with only political gain in mind. It is clear that there have been good policies in regard to education in the US, but such have always not been implemented. There have also been programs on grants to both rich and poor states in support of educational institutions, but distribution of them has for long been clouded in controversy. The only way that education among the poor citizens in the US can be uplifted is through outright implementation of all policies relating to education in good will. Works Cited â€Å"Advisory Group Meeting Refines Public Education Emphasis for Children in Poverty Initiative.† National Ministries. 2005. 23 Mar. 2008 . Clinton, Hillary. â€Å"Hillary Clinton: Child Poverty†. Care 2.   2008. 23 Mar. 2008 . Dervarics, Charles. â€Å"U.S. Sen. Barack Obama Joins Education Committee.† Diverse Education. 2006. 23 Mar. 2008 . Hillman, Nick. â€Å"Majority of Southern Public School Children Live in Poverty.† Sharing Witness. 2007. 23 Mar. 2008   .Kotlowitz, Alex. There Are No Children Here. New York: Doubleday. Lazarus, David. â€Å"Education Can Crush Poverty†. San Francisco Chronicle. 2005. 23 Mar. 2008 . â€Å"Nation at Risk: An Imperative for Educational Reform, A†.   U.S. Department of Education. 1983. 23 Mar. 2008 . â€Å"No Child Left Behind†.   United States Department of Education. 2008. 23 Mar. 2008 . UN Chronicle, Dec 2000 by Ramon Osiris   Blanco Poverty biggest factor in unequal education in United States, available at: http://technocrat.net/d/2006/12/27/12662, assessed on April 6, 2008

The Modern Alterations of Native American Life

Modern Native American life has changed drastically from that of what it used to be. One can only imagine how incredibly hard life would have been in the late 1800s without the help of modern technology. In James Welch's book, Fool's Crow, one not only learns what the Western United States was like in the late 1800s, but can also grasp the ways of early Native Americans. Fools Crow, the main character in the book, portrays exactly what the average Indian boy of his day was like. He had strong family values, faithful religious beliefs, and knew his direction in life. Unfortunately this is not so true for most Native Americans of today. Many current Indians are suffering from poor family structure, lack of education, and loss of religious beliefs. Family structure was one of the most important aspects of life for Native Americans of the 1800s. Back then there was almost no difference between an Indian man or woman's fifth cousins and his or hers sister. Both were treated the same, and both were respected immensely. But now the family structure of Native Americans has diminished. The communication between the majority of parents to children is very slim, if any, and many young Native Americans don't even have contact with there grandparents and other extended family. In Fools Crow's generation it was very common to often have ceremonies where all members of a family were expected to attend, whether they were a grandparent or a brother. This failure of family structure in modern Indians has caused many individuals to lack security and subsidity. Education is a problem among Native Americans as well. It used to be that when a young Native American turned a certain age it was his or her duty to learn the ways of survival. For boys it was hunting and learning to provide for his future family. For the women it was learning various duties such as cooking, tanning hides, and caring for the children. Indians used to educate themselves in order to survive as a team. Each person learned to do his or her specific duty in order to prosper individually, and as a tribe or band. But now education is substantially different. It still focuses on the essentials for survival and the need for one to prosper as an individual, but it lacks what white people are learning. Teachers on reservations are often the product of poor education themselves, and have nothing to offer young Native Americans. One of the most prominent problems, however, is that reservations can't afford to hire quality teachers to educate their children. Thus, there continues to be uneducated Native Americans, which, in turn, causes this misfortunate cataclysm to continue. Another, and most important, aspect for a specific group of people to thrive, is religion. Ever since the first civilized human lived, there was religion. For most people, religion is the glue that holds their life together. It helps to provide purpose and meaning to all life. Native Americans of the 1800s, and before then, held very strongly to their beliefs. Religion was in everything they did. Whether it was planting crops or going on a big hunt, religion was the key to it. But now the Native American's religious beliefs have faded dramatically. Most of today's Indian youths no longer believe or practice the religion of their ancestors. Without religion, modern Native Americans find themselves insecure in what their purpose in life is and they often lack moral responsibility as well. The key to possibly fixing this problem is to educate young Native Americans about what their people used to believe in, and what role it played back then. With some good leadership skills and a lot of enlightening, maybe the old Indian religion will be fully restored to what it once was. In conclusion, Native American culture is rapidly being destroyed. Modern Native Americans have lost what it takes to keep a culture alive; religion, structure, and education. If Native Americans are once again going to flourish as a ethnic society, people need to do whatever they can to help build back the essential parts of Native American life.

A Common Bound essays

A Common Bound essays The Homeric Code of Honor is that every Greek lived for. The aim was for immortality through fame. This fame could only be earned three was, one excellence by fighting or words. Second, time through honor or respect and Avoidance of shame. We are going to compare how Oedipus, Lysistrata and Agamemnon reached this goal of stardom. Oedipus is the ruler of a city called Thebes in Sophocleas Oedipus the King. In this story Cadmus was the founder of the city by fighting and defeating the dragon. After the dragons death cadmus decided to take the dragons teeth and sow them into the ground. By doing this Cadmus had built a heroic name for himself and for the people that were the first residents with him. Oedipus looked at this as a challenge for him and his people that he rules over to also make the heroic code just as Cadmus. Oedipus decided that his journey would be the Sphinx. The difference between this Cadmus and Oedipus is that of the Gods. Oedipus experiences throughout his journey no cooperation from the Gods or Goddesses. Lines 1282 1288 show an example of how Oedipus felt gods treated him: What is there now to love? What greeting can cheer me? Lead me away. Quickly, quickly! O led me out of the country to a distant land! I am beyond redemption accursed, beyond hope lost, the one man livin g whom all the gods most hate. Here we see Oedipuss arrogance throughout the play causes him the trouble with the all the gods. Though sheer determination and hard work Oedipus was able to crack the Spinxs riddle. Aristophanes Lysistrata deals with the Peloponesian War, and how the women are fed up with it and take action to stop the war. Each woman from both sides to come together and locked themselves up in the Acropolis for five days. The women told the men that this is a sex strike and until they both stop fighting they will stay locked up. The leader of the ...

Managing Markering Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Markering Communication - Essay Example Integrated Marketing Communications, or IMC, basically refers to the process of combining all the tools used in advertising so that they can function together. Promotion, one of the marketing mix’s 4 Ps, has its own combination of communication elements. All of these elements operate better if they are combined together than when they are used in isolation. Their functions are improved when integration incorporates more than the essential communication tools. There are other kinds of integration like vertical and horizontal integration. Horizontal Integration can happen across business functions as well as the marketing mix. For example, communications production, distribution, and finance should operate simultaneously when the telecom service providers seek to channel messages to their consumers. Different divisions like direct mail, sales, and advertising can operate concurrently via data integration. This calls for a marketing information structure which gathers and shares the pertinent information across different corporate divisions. Vertical Integration basically denotes that communications and marketing purposes have to be formed in such a way that they support the higher level commercial goals and objectives. Internal Integration, on the other hand, calls for all the staff to be kept informed and inspired about new advancements. In a telecom service provider, these could mean new corporate identities, new advertisements, new strategic partners or even new service standards.... Internal Integration, on the other hand, calls for all the staff to be kept informed and inspired about new advancements. In a telecom service provider, these could mean new corporate identities, new advertisements, new strategic partners or even new service standards (Schultz and Schultz, 2003). External integration calls for external allies like PR agencies and advertising to work collaboratively in order to avail an integrated and cohesive message. The main principles of integrated marketing communications comprise: Consistency: A major topic in integrated marketing is consistency. It basically speaks to delivering an identical message about a brand or service across all elements of the media. This is a function that can assist a telecom service provider to create a brand identity that is both effective as well as impressive. For example, a corporation with a high-quality brand has to ensure that its message to different media outlets maintain the same timbre of message that conve ys the promise of superb quality (Pelsmacker, Geuens and Bergh, 2004). If the business invests in an effective TV advertisement but cuts costs in its advertisements in print media, the clients will get a mixed message about the service. Distribution Considerations: Integrated marketing is also about the supply-chain outcomes of a service provider. This basically entails working with contractors that have good reputations that will raise the profile of the telecom service provider. It also means utilising information gathered during marketing to enhance services that meet customer expectations while also improving the general experience of the consumer. Interactive: Interactive marketing encourages and supports a two-way communication process with consumers. This

Consider a particular real organization of your choice which has an Essay - 1

Consider a particular real organization of your choice which has an international profile. Discuss how the organization is adopt - Essay Example The core intention of the company is to produce automobiles in accordance with the needs along with the requirements of the customers. Additionally, the company maintains a balance between its production services and other factors such as environment, drivability, safety and reliability [1] (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2013). In this respect, the company aims to offer vehicles of enhanced features, so that customers are availed with products beyond their expectations. The company, in order to retain its worldwide position and provide customers with quality products has developed an effective global network [2] (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2013). Supply chain management (SCM) and logistics play a decisive role for TMC in obtaining required materials from suppliers proficiently and providing finished products to customers in the market segments appropriately. In general, SCM is regarded as a process, which is involved in the movement along with the storage of materials from suppliers to cu stomers. ... In this regard, the company has developed ‘Toyota Production System’ (TPS) with the aim of ensuring that materials along with inventories are handled properly. Additionally, TPS ensures that manufacturing along with logistics operations of the company are managed and integrated with the suppliers along with the customers (Strategos, 2013; Ludwig, 2013). With this concern, this essay intends to discuss about how TMC is adopting the principles of environmental along with social sustainability particularly in its supply chain management and logistics operations by using certain relevant examples. Discussion Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Logistics In the present business scenario, market competition has augmented due to increased level of globalisation and advent of technologies. In this regard, business organisations are required to adopt effective strategies for the purpose of enhancing their respective operational efficiencies and meeting the needs of customers with o ffering innovative products and/or services to them in a timely manner. SCM is a process comprising different activities in accordance with which supply of raw materials and distributions of final products and/or services are based upon. It develops a linkage between the suppliers and the consumers, so that a business organisation is able to execute its business processes and operations in a cost-effective manner. SCM is a procedure of managing the logistic activities of an organisation in order to make its operation and distribution cycle more productive. Additionally, SCM and logistics operations are required to conduct their operations in a social responsible manner and must take into concern