Comparing the Emplementation and Scrutinizing of Proposed...

Comparing the Emplementation and Scrutinizing of Proposed Bills in the House of Commons and Congress This essay will examine how two institutions, namely the House of Commons and Congress, which are supposed to serve the same process, differ widely in the way they implement and scrutinise proposed bills. The essay will examine the relationship between the legislature and the executive; the importance of the party; and the constitutional arrangements which give each legislature very different characteristics. The French philosopher Montesquieu said that there could be no democracy unless the three branches of government, legislature, judiciary and executive, were separate bodies, which acted as†¦show more content†¦A $1.7 trillion annual budget and congressional decentralization through the committee system allows lawmakers to specialize and make decisions on a wide range of complex topics. This is very different to the House of Commons (HoC), which has a much smaller budget and a less rigorous committee system. The rigorous nature of the Congressional committee system (CCS) could be seen as advantageous since it allows detailed legislation on potentially complex topics to be written. However, the composition of the committee may not be unbiased, and once the legislation has been drafted it must be ratified by the rest of Congress. Since the CCS is so important to the USlegislative process the membership of the committees requires careful consideration. The composition, range of interests, and the scope of their policies are determined by the members. If a committee were full of like-minded people that were not socially representative of the people the policies concern, then it is feasible for the democratic process to be undermined. Furthermore, the quality of the resulting bill is highly dependent on the ability of the committee members. To counter these potentially negative influences the bill must be ratified by Congress once it leaves the Committee phase. With 535 members of Congress it can be very

Solutions to E- waste problem Essay - 997 Words

In the last decades, technology became more sophisticated in creating modern devices. Consequently, in our disposable age most apparatus turn into aged ones in a couple of years or even months. This is one of the reasons why electronic devices become waste. E-waste is discarded, surplus, obsolete, or broken electronic devices or apparatuses. Most environment protection organizations maintain that e-waste induces health and pollution problems. The primary reason for this view is that almost all of the electric devices contain hazardous substances which are toxic and are not biodegradable. There are mercury, lead, and chromium in parts like circuit boards, batteries, and color cathode tubes. These toxic components can easily enter the†¦show more content†¦Although recycle companies require fixed fee, they provide following services: taking back, transporting, tracking and reporting programs. In addition, reporting program includes a final report. In this final report there is information about the values of materials. Eddy current separators (ECSs) and the Titech X-Tract Separator and Finder are extensively used in recycling industry. These machines sort the shreds; therefore, the recycling stages go faster. However, ECSs do not recognize stainless steel whereas X-Tract and Finder identify it (Krikke 2008). Finally, recyclers are responsible for reusing or for selling recycled materials. One example of this is DMC The Electronics Recycling Company, which has the purchasers for every sort of materials except batteries. Another solution is for manufactures to adopt the responsibility. Michael McCarthy (2010) claims that this solution was proposed by The European Union in 2002. Thus, the manufacturers must follow some rules. The rules are to minimize hazardous substances in electronic equipment, take back and recycle the end- of- life electronics and use the recycled- content materials. Firstly, it will be better if manufacturers minimize the use of certain materials like plastic as it takes a very long time to degrade. Moreover, by minimizing the number of materials, the cost of the final product will decline. Secondly, there willShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of E Waste1718 Words   |  7 Pageselectronic waste commonly referred to as â€Å"e-waste† is one of the biggest challenges facing people all over the world for the production of the electrical and electronic equipment has been growing rapidly in the past decades. Therefore, the rise in demand for this equipment and the high obsolete rat e has made e-waste of the fastest growing source of waste. For this reason, experts have come out to suggest various methods that can be used to contain this menace. In particular, the solutions include theRead MoreHuman Population Growing Every Day Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pageswhat are we supposed to do with all of the waste we are producing? All of these are good questions to ask, because without these items the human population would not be able to survive. Some of these questions are less mentioned than others, which is why they are going to be brought to attention; these questions include: space, food/water, and e-waste. If people do not start using our recourses wisely or come up with some solutions to the existing problems, the Earth will not be able to support theRead More e-waste Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pages(Deathe et al. 2008, 322). The problem of e-waste threatens the future environment of the modern society. E-waste or electronic waste means electrical and electro nic equipment, which is not suitable for use and fills the dumps. Electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, computers, and televisions consist of hazardous materials, which pollute the environment and impact on human’s health. Obtaining of 1.6 billion pounds of lead and four times more pounds of plastic from e-waste had been foretold by theRead MoreE-Structors Disassembles and Safely Recycles Electrical Devices681 Words   |  3 PagesSummary of E Waste The video is about e waste and how it’s handled in the USA. Julie Keough is the co-founder of E-Structors, a company that handles, recycles, sorts, separates and dissembles electronic devices safely in the USA. E-Structors is a certified recycling company to meet EPA standard of handling e waste and just to be sure that they hold that standard, every year an inspector comes and asks a few questions. Around 80% of all e waste gets thrown away in the trash, that’s around 15 millionRead More E-waste Essay example1309 Words   |  6 Pagesmunicipal waste. These end-of-life electronic devices are often called ‘electronic waste, or e-waste’. Now approximately 20-25 million tons of e-waste is estimated to be produced worldwide every year with the largest number of electronics being discarded in Europe, the United States and Australasia. (Brett H. Robinson, 2009) Hence, there is a serious challenge of management of e-waste disposal appearing across the whole world . Figures show that a very small percentage of electronic waste undergoesRead More Solutions to Electronic Waste Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pageswork and make it faster.The majority of mankind has computer at home or at work. In recent years changing of electronic equipment become faster due to obsolescence and fashion(Deathe et al. 2008, 322 ).The problem of e-waste influence on the future environment hangs over the modern society. E-waste ^ also known as electronic waste.It means electrical and electronic equipment which is not suitable for use and fill the damps. Electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, computers, and televisions consistRead More A Solution to E-Waste Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesresults in following stockpiling of needless gadgets, which become a part of municipal waste. These end-of-life electronic devices are often called â€Å"electronic waste, or e-waste†. As Brett H. Robinson (2009) claims, now worldwide production of e-waste reaches approxima tely 20-25 million tons being discarded every year with the largest proportion in Europe, the United States and Australasia. Hence, the problem of e-waste disposal management grows into a serious global challenge. As it was reported by theRead MoreBook Report On The Book Club And Don t Waste Utah 1470 Words   |  6 Pagesnormal; he had a wife, a few kids, and occasionally sang â€Å"Proud to be an American† at Boy Scout functions. Max was also in commercials. He was the guy in the â€Å"Don’t Waste Utah† campaign. Max drove a cool car, had a cool dog, and he hated littering. Garbage is for a garbage can; putting it anywhere else is bad for the planet. Don’t. Waste. Utah. Seeing as how I believe in proper environmental stewardship, I read Gone Tomorrow for this month’s book club. It is a thought provoking book about aRead MoreEvaluating The Performance Of E Waste Recycling Programs Using Fuzzy Multi Attribute Group Decision Making Model1522 Words   |  7 Pages Review of â€Å"Evaluating the Performance of E-Waste Recycling Programs using Fuzzy Multi-attribute group Decision Making Model† Haokun Li hli120@illinois.edu â€Æ' Contents Introduction 4 Performance Evaluation 5 (1) Define Criterions 5 (2) Score the Criterions 6 (3) Compute Weighting Factors 7 (4) Computing Weighted Matrix 8 (5) Find Positive and Negative Ideal Solutions 8 (6) Compute Overall Performance Index 8 Conclusions 9 References 10 â€Æ' Abstract: A fuzzy multi-attribute groupRead More A Cleaner Future: A Comprehensive Pollution Prevention and Reduction Program1378 Words   |  6 PagesPollution Prevention and Reduction Program Introduction Pollution is a major problem globally and it becomes greater as the human population continues to rise exponentially. One of the major problems with increased population is higher waste production, which creates increased air, soil, and water pollution. To resolve this problem waste reduction must be of primary importance in preventing and reducing pollution. Waste management can be an expensive undertaking if not managed correctly so sustainable

Representation of artists Jusice SBTRKT within electronic music Free Essays

Electronic music is differentiated from other genres by how the sound is generated, electronic is formed with types of equipment which allows sound to be made artificially, this equipment is usually used alongside a computer with various software but can also be created with the use of drum machines, and midi samplers and other production equipment. Electronic music rose in popularity in the 1960s era, popular bands such as The Beach Boys and The Beatles used electronic equipment to enhance their pop sounds, Duran Duran also used synths in their production in the 1980s, they pioneered the synth pop scene and influenced many electro-pop artists today. In the 1990s Daft Punk reached a significant amount of popularity, a song on their second album ‘One More Time’ became a major club and mainstream hit, and introduced electronic music all around the world, Daft Punk didn’t disappoint with their live shows either, although they don’t play their music live, the visual elements included in their show emphasize their sounds, the robot costumes today are now synonymous with electronic music and have been featured in movies such as Tron. We will write a custom essay sample on Representation of artists Jusice: SBTRKT within electronic music or any similar topic only for you Order Now Read also Twitter Case Study The artists who I will be writing about are Justice and SBTRKT. Justice, whom consists of French duo, Gaspard Augi and Xavier de Rosnay produce dauntless house music with heavy rock and metal influences. Since their formation in 2003, they have received 13 nominations and have won 5 awards including Best Video for D. A. N. C. E. , this song was included on their album ‘i ‘, an album which propelled them in popularity. They have remixed many popular artists such as Britney’s Spears ; Daft Punk and their remix of MGMT won a Grammy award. Their singles were involved in popular dance-off video games on the Wii, and their recent release ‘Audio, Video, Disco’ was released in September and received a 4-Star rating from The Guardian. Justice is known to incorporate a strong rock and metal influence in their image ; musical style, in their production that includes cut-up basslines, and distorted synth sounds, have created a huge hype for the live shows, which are known to be extremely powerful and ear splitting. SBTRKT, whom is a relatively new artist, music is what you would call ‘post-dubstep’ in other words the more soulful sound of electronic music, full of subs, crisp drumlins, sparse instrumentation and darker vibes, his music has been placed in steady rotation by Radio One, and his tracks range from minimalistic dubstep to electro house with heavy disco influences. SBTRKT is an alias used to support the concept of anonymity, he explained in an interview that he’d rather not talk about himself as a person, and let the music speak for itself, he portrayed this through his name SBTRKT which is pronounced ‘subtract’ the name allows him express his music separate from any single person or image, this is unlike the Justice duo as they seem to thrive off the rockstar lifestyle outside of their music, in their documentary ‘A Cross The Universe’ clips were comprised of the Justice member gesturing women in their shows to bare breasts, pouring alcohol over cuts, and taking various drugs, This represents SBTRKT as a more down to earth individual, who lives for the music, rather than the lifestyle that successful music exposes, whereas Justice is represented as a duo who approach life in a James dean-esque live fast, die young philosophy, this exhibits at their live shows where they perform in a larger than life manner, and is also evident in their music videos. In the music video for ‘Stress’, Justice caused uproar as the pounding Daft Punk-esque beat was accompanied by intense and aggressive visual which resulted in much controversy from the public, the director, Romain Gavras is recognised for his provocative videos, and has directed others such as M. I. A’s ‘Born Free’. Stress’ visuals follow a gang of thugs sporting Justice bomber jackets as they terrorise a city, and it’s residents, the result is a brutal 6-minute video, which is disturbing and stunning to watch at the same time, I believe Justice purposefully chose such a controversial director to create a music video to accompany Stress, the video raises albums eyebrows, which is key for an artist to be remembered in the music industry, Madonna is another artist who constantly released controversial music videos and successfully maintained her pop career flame, her videos ‘Like A Prayer’ and ‘Justify My Love’ both included hugely sexual themes and provocative imagery, and artists such as Lady Gaga, whom persistently pushes the limits, holds the most amount of twitter followers in the world, this seems to conclude that the key to remembrance and success is controversy and thinking outside the box, and although I praise innovativeness in the music industry, I believe some artists hold a constant need to outdo everyone and themselves, and this has the opportunity to create ridiculous results, for example, Lady Gaga seems to have an endless rabbit hat of ridiculous ideas that she puts into motion, such as her man alter-ego, I believe if this is continued it could result into spiralling out of control, similar to Britney in her shaved head period. I believe Justice releasing Strees was a fantastic move to introduce Justice to a mainstream audience, but I believe they shouldn’t carry on a controversial approach to music, as they may start producing music and developing an image to fit the agenda of being scandalous and provocative rather than being their own person and producing the music they want to. SBTRKT approaches the music industry perfectly, he has assigned an innovative image to himself, and now wears a mask, and allows his the mask to be the face of his music, like Justice he has approached electronic music in a unique way, and mixed popular genres RnB, soul and dubstep to create his own unique blend, I believe he will only continue to impress in the future, his debut SBTRKT received a 8. 1 rating off pitchfork and his live shows have been described as being faultless, their live shows consist of SBTRKT utilizing electronic and acoustic drums, alongside triggering samples, Sampha, a frequent collaborator plays alongside him with keyboards and adds vocals to him tracks. The song Pharaohs features popular soul singer Rose Gabour, the video directed by Tim Brown whom also directed Tinie Tempah’s Pass Out offers a radio-friendly video for a radio-friendly song, I believe the video could have pushed more limits, but being the way it is now – simple but memorable, the video allows it to be more accessible to the audience, Rose Gabour seems to be the front of the video, this pushes SBTRKTs ideology to let the music to the talking rather than him, as he would have produced the instrumental and wrote the lyrics, bu appears to be in the background of the music video, occasionally dj’ing in his trademark mask whilst Rose Gabour dances, this represents SBTRKT to be subtle, but powerful. To conclude, I believe both artists excel in the type of electronic music produce, Justice, write addictive melodies in their production and avoid the frat-boy market many electronic producers similar to Justice seem to follow, where there is a huge element of macho-ism being reflected, for example artists such as Skrillex who also include metal influences has seemed to have wandered away from the ethos of electronic music, where he and other electronic producers alike have developed a new ethos where it’s constantly a struggle to create to most filthiest bass sound, but in effect, the sound they produce occurs so often in modern electronic music that It almost appears to be bland and repetitive, Justice has maintained a unique element in their music, and produced a diverse musical style, the duo constantly keep up with the ever-changing electronic genre, but also add their own flair to it, as with SBTRKT who has developed a hugely unique musical style which I predict will tak e the UK music scene by storm very shortly. How to cite Representation of artists Jusice: SBTRKT within electronic music, Papers

Financial Accounting and Reporting Controlled Entities Firm

Question: Describe about the Financial Accounting and Reporting for Controlled Entities Firm. Answer: 1: In Australia, Westpac is considered as one of the overall four chief banking firms, having controlled entities, branches and subsidiaries across the country, the U.S., Asia, Pacific Region and New Zealand (Westpac Annual Report 2015). In the annual report of the firm for the year 2015, information regarding joint ventures, subsidiaries, investments and associates are found under the section subsidiaries. Supplementary The particular firm is composed 5 key subsidiaries St. George Banking Group, Westpac Retail and Business Banking (WRBB), Westpac New Zealand, Westpac Institutional Bank (WIB) and BT Financial Group (BTFG) (Westpac Annual Report 2015). It has been found that the WRBB mainly deals with consumer service and transactional banking to the SMEs (Small Medium Enterprises), trade finance, property finance management and commercial banking (Westpac Annual Report 2015). St. George Banking Group that involves Bank SA, St. George, RAMS brands and Bank of Melbourne, is liable for commercial and retail banking, online deposits, monetary services that specializes in mortgages, apparatus funding and automotive investment (Westpac Annual Report 2015). The organizations which are considered as the elements of BTFG brands include BT Select, Asgard, Securitor, Advance Asset Management, Ascalon, the Advice and Licensee Select. It has been found that BTFG primarily highlights on the allocation and improvement of investments, retreat goods, life insurance, superannuation, lenders and general mortgage insurance to its customers (Westpac Annual Report 2015). On the other hand, WIB offers monetary services to companies, government and organizational consumers along with relations to New Zealand and Australia. It also involves subsidiaries and branches that are situated in the U.K., Asia and the U.S. (Westpac Annual Report 2015). Westpac New Zealand offers insurance and wealth goods to marketable, banking services, institutional and business consumers in New Zealand (Westpac Annual Report 2015). The other separations that Westpac Group has include Westpac Pacific that is regulating in 3 Island Nations of Pacific (Westpac Annual Report 2015). Associates, Chief Investments and Joint Ventures Westpac Group does not have capability to control other units, however, it has important impact on fiscal and operating strategies of those units and these known as associates for the particular group (Westpac Annual Report 2015). The method of equity is utilized for investment recognition in associates. BTIM accounts for about 60.8% of issued stocks and it became the groups associate when it loses its control on 23rd June in the year 2015. During this period, the funding is equity accounted as the group holds only 31.0% of the total stocks. The firm had also been in a joint venture with the ATM alliance (global). In the year 2015, Westpac acquired Lloyds Bank of Australia, this is considered as one of the key investments in the year (Westpac Annual Report 2015). 2: According to AASB 10, the consolidated fiscal declaration is a set of monetary statement for Westpac Group that is under power of one of the units. This highlights the monetary situation and presentation of the firm as a single unit. According to the 4(a) paragraph of AASB 10, the parent unit needs to construct the consolidated fiscal declarations, which consolidate funding in subsidiaries as per the customary (Leo et al. 2015). There are several causes due to which the parent unit requires to construct fiscal declarations especially when the subsidiary acts as a distinct legal unit. The information gathered from fiscal declaration is considered as accurate to the investors i.e. who are concerned about the monetary declarations of the group and not just the single units prior to make any decisions regarding investment. The access to the fiscal declarations has made it simpler for the investors to done proportional investigation between units. This statement also guides to evade the double entry in subsidiary and parent accounts during intra-group transactions. The assets are reported under group management along with claims on these. It has been found that some advantages and risks are related with the management of a unit. Thus, it can be said that preparation of fiscal declarations helps to assess both the advantages and risks (Leo et al. 2015). As per AASB 127, disclosure is needed during presentation of consolidated fiscal declarations for controlled units. On the other hand, AASB 12 highlights on interest disclosure of other units. The aim behind this is to provide opportunity to the investors to evaluate the particular risks that are related to interests of other units. The other objective is to scrutinize the impacts on cash flows of the firm, monetary situation and fiscal presentation (Leo et al. 2015). In post global financial crisis, several firms became conscious regarding lack of transparency during the presentation of fiscal declaration. It has been found that various firms failed to operate due to lack of financial confession. Thus, many investors end up with investing in companies that generated loss. Therefore, as per AASB 12, a unit should expose its financial conditions along with important assumptions and judgments that helps to identify the interests nature in other unit (as per 2(a) paragraph) and as per 7th paragraph, in the specified subsidiaries (Leo et al. 2015).

Analytical Summary free essay sample

She feels that if women were more respected and seen as equals, hip hops image loud lose all its hype. These attacks on women makes McMullen feel that the black community as a whole is fighting themselves. As a community the blacks are to stand up for each other and any attack on black women is an attack on the blacks as a whole. McMullen wants hip hops culture to change and that if anybody talked down on women they should lose everything they have gotten being an artist. She also believes that if hip hop doesnt do right by the women, everything hip hop does will always fail.In the fourth section, McMullen addresses the challenges the African American women must face if hey accept Bowels explanation for hip hop being the way it is. She states that accepting his apology is basically accepting the fact that they are what hip hop labels them as and are victims while the people of the same race benefit from it financially. We will write a custom essay sample on Analytical Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She then says she refuses to just be called diminishing names all because the male artist are frustrated from oppression and turn to down women. She compares Powell and others like him to those who used to criticize and attack the female writers who publicly revealed the patriarchy of the black community. The males who felt betrayed skewered the male writers not understanding that they didnt create the situations that they told. Black womens literature that challenged sexism was often attacked by black men who felt that being exposed defeated their whole purpose with women they tried to get over with.These women writers were often described as villains or traitors to the black community since they wouldnt stop revealing the ugly truth, and the rappers were made heroes. Jennifer McMullen concludes by saying, sexism is just as much the enemy of my people as racism, and stating that she will not accept the way she and her sisters are degraded and humiliated by the black men. She then argues again with Powell stating he should come clean and admit that at the end of the day, it doesnt matter how women are treated.McMullen believe s that sexism is the only way you can make it to the top in the mainstream world and that Powell and others knows this too. McMullen then suggests boycotting humiliation and labeling it as an enemy of their community. In doing that, she believes that hip hop would change consistently and it would no longer make money and such a big impact from degrading women. This would show women as equals and not as what hip hop labels them as now.

Kimberly Kinkaid - A life story essays

Kimberly Kinkaid - A life story essays In Girl, by Jamaica Kincaid, a mother gives advice to her young daughter about many different issues in life. The mother shows love and family togetherness by educating her daughter with her beliefs and experiences that she's encountered throughout her life. The mother very blatantly tells her daughter things she must not do in order to not be called a "slut." There are many things a young girl must learn when she is becoming a woman. There is no better teacher than her mother. There are three very important types of advice that should be given to a young girl when she is becoming a woman; education, boys and the importance of overcoming peer pressure. Jamaica Kincaid's "Girl" is written in the most unusual way, from beginning to end, the sentence structure changes. The changes in structure occur three times, which indicates to the reader the change in the mother's tone as she addresses her daughter. This also gives insight to the relationship that the mother has with her daughter. And it ultimately provides for elements within the theme of "Girl" Jamaica Kincaid's short story, "Girl" is unique in that while it clearly lacks a precise plot, it delivers a message as clearly as more traditionally crafted pieces of fiction. The story borders on being a monologue on the part of the mother as she dictates to her daughter her expected roles in life. There is no room for discussion as the mother rambles incessantly of the things expected of her daughter, most likely because the mother believes there is no room for discussion as to a woman's place in society. Through strict limitations of style, tone, and point of view, Jamaica Kincaid delivers a somber story of the rela. ...

Important Considerations of Calorie Dissertation

Important Considerations of Calorie - Dissertation Example Most of the previous research that has been done in this field relates perceptions and attitudes of consumers towards fast food. The global trend clearly indicates that consumption of fast food have increased significantly in the past two decades with the infiltration of fast food giants into the major cities of the world. Studies conducted in United States have shown that the percentage of calorie intake from fast food have increased from 3% to 20% in the past twenty years (Henderson and Kelly, 2005). It has been documented in the existing literature that individuals who consume fast food have been observed to consume more calories compared to the nutritional content which contribute to factors like obesity and other health related problems (Binkley, 2006). Research conducted in United States regard of fast food consumption has revealed that consumption of fast food is very high for young adults. Individuals belonging to the age group of 19-25 years have been observed to consume higher proportion of fast food than individuals belonging to the age group of 12-18 and 30-39. College students prefer to consume fast food primarily because they are low in cost and conveniently available (Bowen and Vinyard, 2004). Most of the studies that have been conducted regarding the consumption of fast food among college students have shown that convenience is the most important reason that makes college students intake fast food. The increasing globalization of the world economy has altered the preference of Asian consumers.

Margaret Fuller Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Margaret Fuller - Essay Example However, a reflective analysis of the works and writings of this journalist, critic and women's rights activist of the American transcendental movement confirms that she is not a feminist in the true sense. Labeling Margaret Fuller as a feminist will be a mistake and, therefore, she should not be labeled as a feminist, but as a strong American woman, a spokesperson for education, proponent for not only women's rights but rights for all mankind. One of the most significant explanations of this idea can be found in Annette Kolodny's "Inventing a Feminist Discourse: Rhetoric and Resistance in Margaret Fuller's Woman in the Ninteenth Century", where the author indicates how Margaret Fuller deviated from the general category of feminists, through her writings. "By rejecting persuasion as a tactic for feminist discourse, in effect, Fuller dispensed with those organizing principles that had come to be associated with most public advocacy in her day. As a result, despite the chronological ar rangement of her 'signs of the times,' and despite Fuller's demonstrated command of formal logic and her employment of both inductive and deductive modes of reasoning, she opened herself to the charge that she was aimlessly amassing miscellaneous evidence In other words, because Fuller did not order her treatise in the conventional manner, critics dismissed the whole as the by-product of stereotypically uncontrolled female talkativeness transferred to the printed page." (Kolodny, 159-60) These criticisms, however, assume importance in the wider perspective of her writings as feminist writings and there is no real intension from the author, especially in her Woman in the Ninteenth Century, to come up with a strong voice of an ardent feminist. She is more interested in reflecting her ideas as a strong American woman, a spokesperson for education, proponent for the rights for all mankind, along with women's rights. Therefore, a profound analysis of the works and writings of Margaret Fu ller confirms that she cannot be called a feminist in true essence, though she was an inspiration for women, as well as any group that has been oppressed or repressed. One of the regular mistakes among the scholars who study the works of Margaret Fuller, especially the contemporary feminist writers, is that they often tend to associate her with feminism and consider her as one of the earliest feminists. Although she was an important figure of the New England Transcendentalist movement, along with Ralph Waldo Emerson and others, it is not completely justifiable to consider Margaret Fuller as a feminist who has contributed to the earliest movements of the feminists in American literature. Her uniquely important place in 19th century history of American literature can be realized in the background of her works and writings at a time when the role of women in her society was severely limited. Thus, she was an important champion of the rights of women in her period and upheld the importance of education for women. Through her contributions to the development of the New England Transcendentalist movement, she proved her major concerns which are for the g ood of the society as a whole. Fuller was the editor of The Dial, the magazine of the transcendentalists, for two years in the early 1840s and she established her ideologies concerning the plight of women as well as the society in general. The enduring eminence of this great human being should be realized in her works as a

Storm King Mountain Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Storm King Mountain Case - Essay Example ged use of aggressive tactics, and were categorized as ‘watch out situations,’ the firefighters continued to take the bold step of building fire line downhill upon receiving confirmation from their leader, Mackey, that the area was good enough with less vegetation, and not much risk from existing fire. The crew members relied completely on Mackey’s judgment as they trusted in his abilities more than their conviction of adhering to the guidelines. Attributable to their can-do attitude, the firefighters ignored most of the rules because their ultimate aim was to stop fire from spreading. They did not regard these guidelines as procedures to be used in firefighting; rather, they relied more on their critical judgment based on experience and situational constraints. Hackman and Oldham’s Job Characteristics Model (JCM) explains employee behavior based on four motivational aspects namely, job characteristics, critical psychological states, personal and work outcomes and growth-need strength. The JCM framework helps in understanding managerial functions as well as the psychological processes associated with work that are associated with employee behavior and outcome of employee actions. This model emphasizes the role of job design that ultimately leads to experienced meaningfulness of work, experienced responsibility for the outcomes, and knowledge of the results of work activities (Debnath, Tandon & Pointer, 2007). A team leader can determine what skills would be best to perform a specific job and deploy staff accordingly. In addition, the task to be performed needs to be identified in advance besides having complete understanding of how the task or job impacts the employees and/or other stake holders. Identification of skills and tasks to be accomplished will also help the leader assess the extent to which the staff may be empowered to take their own decisions. While autonomy is an effective way to motivate staff, the level of autonomy requires a

Background Of Bhutanese Public And Private Sector Economics Essay

Background Of Bhutanese Public And Private Sector Economics Essay Introduction. The Bhutanese economy is considerably underdeveloped. The mountainous terrain and the rugged topography makes development activities complex. With an estimated population of 684,000 (2010), the country lacks work force and professionals in different departments. The country experienced an average GDP growth rate at 9% in the 10th FYP. The livelihood of the majority of the population of Bhutan still depends on agriculture and its allied group. The government has and will continue to play a lead role as Bhutanese economy undergoes major structural reform. Public sectors form the part of the companies and corporations that are owned by the government. The private sector includes all profit businesses that are not owned or operated by the government. The private sector in Bhutan is hampered by the size of the market, lack of infrastructure and financial instability which is why the public sector plays a dominant role for major economic operations. The operation of the Bhutanese economy is divided into three sectors namely primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. Initially public sector was held responsible for the operation of all the three sectors but with the advent of modern Bhutanese economy, private sector plays a significant role in enhancing production and profitability. This paper briefs on the background of the public and private sectors in Bhutan, their contribution towards GDP, employment and social welfare. With the process of modernization, privatization is given more attention and government aims to strengthen the privatization strategy to generate more revenue, employment opportunities and expand the countrys economic operations. Background of Public and private sector. Public Sector. Public sector in Bhutan is the part of the economy controlled by the nation and is concerned with providing basic government services. Akin to majority of the developing countries, public sector in Bhutan includes education, health care, police, military, public roads, communication, etc. The public sector can be defined as: The public sector is that portion of society controlled by national, state or provincial, and local governments. (Investors word.com 2011) The Bhutanese economy is based on the unique development philosophy of Gross National Happiness initiated by the Forth King Jigme Singye Wangchuck. The Royal Government has played a leading role in the modern sector of Bhutans economy. The government has direct involvement in every developmental activity due to the shortage of local entrepreneurs and capital from the private entities in the country. The public sector overlaps with the private sector in producing or providing certain goods and services. In Bhutan almost every large organizations are under the ministries of the Royal Government. For instance: Ministry of Health, Education, Trade and Industry, Communications etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are all public owned. Since the first Five Year Plan in 1961, the government has addressed the need for basic education other than monastic education. Education programmes were given boost in 1990 when the Asian Development Bank granted a US$7.13 million loan. Bhutans modern health care development accelerated with the establishment of the Department of Public Health in the 1960s and the opening of new hospitals and dispensaries throughout the country. Even today, Ministry of health is fully under public sector. Likewise, Agriculture sector, communications, major industries like Penden cement authority, Chhukha Hydro power corporations, Bhutan tourism Industry, Druk Air etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which forms the highest revenue in the country till date the public are under the public sector. The Private sector. The role of private sector is gaining more importance in Bhutan and the world as a whole. The private sector can be defined as: Part of national economy made up of, and resources owned by, private enterprises. It includes the personal sector (households) and corporate sector (firms), and is responsible for allocating most of the resources within an economy. (Business dictionary.com, 2011) The Bhutan Chamber of Commerce and Industry is a non-profit organization comprising of business community from all around the country. It was established in 1980 with the motto of developing and being responsible for private sector development. The BCCI provides linkages between the government and the private sector and works closely with all the government agencies, autonomous organizations, international organizations and donor agencies towards facilitations and promotion of trade and industrial development in the kingdom. (BCCI, n.d) Private sector development plays an important role in the economic development of the country. Various aspects of private sector development are addressed in different decision plans. During the 6th FYP, government adopted appropriate strategies and policies to recognize the role of private sectors. Government continued to promote an enabling environment (8th FYP, 2002) for the continual growth and to take greater share in the private sector during the 7th FYP. The 8th FYP general approach is toward privatization and private sector development. It mainly focuses on privatization of public sector activities by empowering various programmes like outright sale, partial minority ownership, management contracting, lease management and commercialization. (8th FYP, 2002). This will encourage private sector efficiency and profitability. The plan also focuses on enhancing the current level of activities and promoting new activities. Privatization was given due importance since the 7th FYP. Public enterprises were divested. The state trading corporation of Bhutan divested 49% of its shares, and the management of the company was given over to the private sector.(Development towards GHN, 2000.p. 28) Some of the examples of divesting programmes by the public sector to the private sector are as follows: Calcium carbide plant, gypsum, slate and coal mines was fully privatized. Sha slate mines in Wangdiphodrang, salt iodination plant in phuntsholing was also privatized. Tourism sector, hotels and transport sectors are successful private firms now. Public enterprises such as Druk Air, Hydro Power Plants, Bank of Bhutan, Bhutan Polythene corporation, Fruit Processing Unit in Paro etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦could not be sold to private sectors as they were not financially strong and most of them lacked interest. (8th FYP, 2002). Therefore public sector will remain to monitor the large industries in the country like Power Corporations, Dungsam cement project etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦because such projects are beyond the capacity of the private sector. Private sector also has a lead role to play in different ministries of the Royal government of Bhutan. For instances: Ministry of Agriculture private food processing units such as Agro-based industry in Samtse manufactures pickle, juice etc. Druk Seed Corporations has successfully been achieved. Ministry of Trade and Industry privatization of micro and mini hydel power plants. Ministry of communication- road constructions, postal services and forms of transportation like buses and taxis are privately owned. Ministry of Health- Private clinics are initiated to encourage doctors to work efficiently and maximize their earnings. Ministry of Education Private schools especially at pre-primary and degree level have become essential in shaping the countrys future. The main economic indicators of economic indicators in Bhutan are Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Income and International Trade. In table 1, the real GDP in 2011 increased to US$ 1500. The real GDP growth from US$ 125.3 million in 2006 to US$ 131.3 million in 2007 with the growth rate of 21.4 percent has also been recorded. With the average exchange rate of Nu.41.1 per 1 US$,(2010) Bhutans GDP is therefore estimated at Nu. 61650 in 2010. This mainly accounted to the revenues from hydro-power sector, tourism and construction of infrastructures in recent years development plans. The current account of balance of payment (% in GDP) is recorded at -4.3, 12.2, -2.2, -9.6, -7.2, -13.8 in the year 2006, 2007,2008,2009,2010 and 2011 respectively. The inflation rate based on implicit GDP deflator (base year 2000) decreased to 4.5% in 2010 compared to 8.0 in 2006. Public and private sectors contribution towards GDP of Bhutan. The public and private sectors work as the two hands of the Bhutanese economy. The contribution of both the sectors contributes to the nations capital formation. For instance, Public sector initiates various large economic activities like the hydro power which forms the major part of countrys GDP and the private sector take the responsibility in constructions of dams and micro, mini hydro power projects. Both public and private sectors are categorized into three sectors namely: From the above table 2, we can find that the tertiary sector has recorded the highest growth at 12.2 in 2009 followed by secondary sector at 4.1 and primary sector at 1.6. this is mainly because of the structural transformation and development in community and social services, communications and storage, construction and transport, manufacturing and financial service sector. The primary sector includes agriculture proper, livestock production, forestry and logging, mining and quarry. The overall performance of the agriculture, livestock, and forestry sectors improved during 2009. The forestry and logging sub-sector revived from its negative growth of 1.4% in 2008 to 3.9% in 2009. In 2009, primary sectors contribution contracted by 1.6% down from 2.5% in the previous year. Corresponding, its sectors contribution to real GDP growth declined 0.5% in 2008 to 0.3% in 2009. The secondary sectors share to nominal GDP also saw a slight decline from 20.7% in 2008 to 20.5% in 2009. This was mainly credited to the negative growth in mining and quarrying sector. The secondary sector includes manufacturing, electricity and construction. The real GDP in this sector declined from 5.5% in 2008 to 4.1% in 2009. This was mainly due to decline in manufacturing sector and electricity. The real growth in manufacturing sector dropped from 8.5% in 2008 to 6.9% in 2009. However, due to the construction of hydro-power and related infrastructures contributes, a positive growth rate of 16.1% in 2009 from 10.2% in 2008 was recorded. Bhutans tertiary sectors performance improved in 2009 with 12.2% growth compared to 4.8% in 2008. Correspondingly, this sectors share to nominal GDP expanded to 39.8% in 2009 from 38.4% in 2008. (RGoB, RMA 2011) Employment. Despite the endless developmental efforts by the public and private sector, unemployment has remained a burning issue in the Bhutanese economy. With the growing population and increasing literates, unemployment has become a fundamental problem in the country. About 50,000 school graduates and 19,000 migrants from rural to urban areas are expected to enter Bhutans labour market in 2002-2007, making employment generation, particularly in the private sector, an urgent need. (Bhutan country strategy paper, 2007). Most of the graduates look for government jobs in urban areas. This, coupled with the rural-urban migration, would mean that Bhutan will have to create around 14,000 jobs annually. The private sector will not be able to take all the job seekers. The limited entrepreneurial tradition and the high status accorded to government employment, together with generally inflated wage expectations (relative to the productivity level) make job creation a daunting task for such a small country. To meet this challenge, the Royal Government of Bhutan has set up many vocational training institutes to provide the job market with skilled workers in a wide range of trades. (Bhutan country strategy paper, 2007). Although share of primary sector in GDP is gradually decreasing, agriculture is still the predominant sector providing employment to around 65.37% (NSB, 2009) of the labour force. The private sector is emerging as the important sector generating employment opportunities for the rapidly increasing labour market. Although employment data is weak in Bhutan, it is estimated that around 60,000 people are employed in the formal sector. Of these, approximately 22, 0000 are employed in public sector institutions (of which 14, 258 are employed in the civil service). This implies that around 60 percent of total formal-sector jobs are in the private sector. However, of the total 60,000 formal sector jobs, it is estimated that 50 percent are held by non-nationals. As the share of non-nationals in public sector institutions is likely to be very small the majority of these 30,000 non-national workers are employed in the private sector. (Private sector survey.p. 9) There are assorted difficulties faced by the Public and private sector in the development process. Difficulties in development of private sector. The development of a financial market has a direct relationship to the growth of private sector. The private sector lacks capital. High rate of interest is charged on borrowings. Innovative forms of lending are limited and the existing collateral-based lending does not promote entrepreneurship. (Development towards GNH,p.86) Most private business is small and family owned but lack professional management. Job opportunities in private sector continue to be less attractive then the Royal Government despite the introduction of Chathrim for employment in the private sector. (Development towards GNH,p.86) Privatization is a new developmental phenomenon and requires a enabling environment. The pace of setting up a comprehensive and harmonious environment needs to be stepped up. Relatively small size of the local market. Lack of entrepreneurial expertise and experience. There is lack of entrepreneurial talent due to the very new nature of most private sector activities in Bhutan; Shortage of domestic skilled and unskilled labour. Lack of physical infrastructure and establishment site. Lack of competition. Difficulties in the development of the public sector. Bhutanese economy largely depends on foreign aids. The budgets for the development activities are received through grant, aid, debt and entire revenue of the country. The revenue of the country is very minimal to undertake developmental activities. Therefore, country is compelled to depend on public debts which in long run have to be paid with the interest and it affects the balance of payment. Bhutan has a rugged topography and her aim to maintain 60% of the area under forest cover makes regional development difficult. Rescheduling in undertaking the progress. The developmental activities in case of public sector are based on governments set of rules which leads to rescheduling and delay in progress. Lack of proper accounting and auditing in public sectors. There is no regular system and mechanism to provide public sector accountants with continuing professionals and training. Lack of skilled and unskilled labour. One-half of the population is considered literate with limited skills and experience. We have less number of technically trained professionals. Thus, the lack of adequate human resource has forced our private and public sector to remain technically backward leading to very slow space of progress. There should be improvement in the code of conduct amongst the civil servants. Procrastination is a common problem in various governmental agencies. There are neither updated reports nor specific data available. Proper working hour should be allotted and outcome should be studied for constant progress. Bhutans financial system is undeveloped and noncompetitive. It only offers very basic financial products and at a fairy high cost. Conclusion. The behavior of the public and the private sectors determine the success and failures of the Bhutanese economy. They are the pair of hands of the Bhutanese economy. Public sector is the part of the economy concerned with providing basic government services and private sector forms the part of national economy made up of, and resources owned by, private enterprises. Both the sector have shown rapid development progress in terms of economic and social welfare. Although at present the private sector in Bhutan is small and lacks absorptive power, the government places considerable emphasis on its role as the engine of Bhutans future growth. Huge employment opportunities are created due to new private firms and the existing markets in the public sectors. However, both the sectors are facing enormous problems in the development process. In order to improve the pace of development and to increase the GDP of the nation, it is recommended that the public and private sector work in harmony and frame policies such that private sector receives equal priority as the public sector. It is also recommended that the civil servants code of conduct be checked. Proper working hour should be allotted and outcome should be studied for constant progress. To improve the efficiency and the quality in the developmental activities, there should be more production of local professionals and skilled labour and implement ways to strengthen the existing sectors.

A Research on Communication Technologies and their Applications Essay

Videoconferencing The keyword â€Å"videoconferencing† when entered into search engines such as Google would immediately reveal at least two classifications of information. The first is consisted of applications developed and being marketed and sold for use. The second are business enterprises that offer videoconferencing services and facilities for individuals and businesses. For example, there is a company called Cliftons which caters to multinational clientele and provides conferencing service to its staff who are scattered across the globe. This usage may include meetings, trainings and other organizational activities. Cliftons (2012) rightly argue that videoconferencing â€Å"overcomes the problems inherent in communications between regional business centres as well as enabling [the management] to keep in touch with key people whilst away from their office.† It is a matter of in-depth research to determine the exact nature of this technology, explaining the principle behind its oper ation and conferencing process. An excellent resource for videoconferencing as is the case for almost all things, people, places, and so forth is, of course, Wikipedia. This website has detailed information on this technology. However, it is widely recognized that the site is unreliable and is not often recommended by academic institutions as a resource. Nonetheless, the website proved an effective starting ground that informed this researcher’s efforts at investigating videoconferencing technology. The information provided in the website offered insights as to what specific aspects of the technology should be examined and documented. The preliminary research enabled the identification of at least two types of videoconferencing platforms. There is the case... ...he noise results in satellite power failures. Works Cited Cliftons. (2012). Fact sheet. Cliftons. Retrieved from http://www.cliftons.com/video-conferencing-facilities. Dundee Satellite Receiving Station. (n.d.). Geostationary Satellites Frequently Asked Questions. Dundee Satellite Receiving Station. Retrieved from http://www.sat.dundee.ac.uk/pdusfaq.html. â€Å"Geostationary Satellites.† (2007). Reformation.org. Retrieved from http://www.reformation.org/geostationary-satellites.html. United States Office of Satellite Operations. (2012). Geostationary Satellites. (USOSO). Retrieved from http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/. Videoconference.com. (2012). Start Videoconferencing. Videoconference.com. Retrieved from http://www.videoconference.com/. Webopedia. (2012). Videoconferencing. Webopedia. Retrieved from http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/V/videoconferencing.html.

Poverty and Education Essay

Poverty has been defined by many authors as the total absence of opportunities that go with high levels of illiteracy, hunger, malnourishment, lack of education, physical and mental ailments, social and emotional instability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poverty is characterized by chronic shortage of political, economic and social participation, leading individuals to feel socially excluded preventing access to the benefits of social and economic developments and hence limiting cultural development and diversification (UN Chronicle, Dec 2000 by Ramon Osiris   Blanco). Reasons for poverty are diverse with main factors being social and individual conditions. The social conditions is tied intrinsically to the political and economic realms as it is the administrator of power who regulates the distribution of resources and services, creating controls which bring about inequalities that are some times found in land distribution capital infrastructure, markets, and information or consulting services or any other fields that bring   about differences inhuman development. In the individual conditions inequality translates to limitations in access to services such as portable water, education recreation, public hygiene and health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In United States of America just like any other part of the world, poverty has contributed to poor levels of education among poor students. For instance poor students end up attending sub standard schools where the pupil – teacher ratio is not ideal, these s schools have poorly trained teachers thereby compromising the standards of education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poverty in education has historically been an issue in relation to American schools.   In the 1980s it was known that impoverished children were less likely to succeed in education and that something had to be done to alter this situation for the poor. It is as a result of this that many political leaders and other administrators, both in the past and presently came up with policies aimed at addressing the problem of poverty in relation to education. Hillary Clinton in her contribution suggests that changes in policies for poor children must include changes in the educational system: something she claims to have been struggling to accomplish for the past 35 years. Change of system would not achieve much if those policies already in place are not fully implemented. As National Ministries agrees with Clinton’s ideas, stating that the elimination of No Child Left behind (NCLB) Act would be an asset to achieving this goal. It is actually a matter of good will and seriousness by the leaders in addressing this issue rather than changing the systems. Although NCLB act has been in place for quite some time it has not achieved its objectives: the country has the highest number of young poor citizens’ compared to other developed nations.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Barrack Obama on his part, believes that changing education for the poor must begin with changing financial aid for college students in order to provide assistance for impoverished students in need of higher education. This is practical, and this view is supported by Hillman, who also contends that the current administration has done nothing to alter life for the impoverished and that education should be President Bush’s main focus as president. Obama’s view is also supported by the fact that poverty stricken students in poor states have been faced with unequal distribution of resources such federal aids. A report released in 2006 on this issue revealed that the poorest states were being shortchanged by policies aimed at distributing federal aid to public schools. It further reveals that wealthier states were receiving more federal aids (http://technocrat.net/d/2006/12/27/12662).    Other than distributing resources to poor students as supported by Obama, there is also further need to consider who is actually needy and able to excel in academics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kotlowitz suggests, through his research, that the young children struggling to succeed in school must be the target of social concern because in the early years it is when children will determine whether or not education is of value in their lives.   This viewpoint makes it clear that each of the candidates and researchers that have presented ideas about poverty and education have completely failed to understand that it is not that further educational reform is needed; it is that support for current reform policies must be supported if impoverished children are to realize the benefits of education. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton argues that children living in poverty in the United States is a â€Å"moral outrage† (para. 2).   Clinton focuses on the issue of poverty in her campaign through several different perspectives, to include education, health care, housing, hunger and abuse.   In relation to education Clinton states: [In Arkansas] I started a special program for mothers of pre-scholars to get their kids ready for kindergarten, and also worked on reforming the state’s rural health care system, which helped many poor families and their children. As First Lady, I pushed the effort to expand Head Start and help create Early Head Start. (para. 5)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   National Ministries agrees with Clinton that the issue of poverty must be addressed through several avenues in order to assist impoverished youth.   In 2005 National Ministries elected to narrow down their focus, however, on education and the unfair standardized testing program created through the federal No Child Left Behind Act due to their belief that NCLB does not consider that impoverished children traditionally score lower on tests that other youths (â€Å"Advisory† para.   6).   Consequently, according to National Ministries, NCLB is an ineffective program that hinders the educational success of the poor and action is needed through state and federal governments to end the negative impact that NCLB has on children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The history of NCLB begins with a report commissioned by President Ronald Reagan on the state of American schools. The report, entitled â€Å"A Nation at Risk,† concluded that the American educational system was in horrendous shape, impacted by inadequate learning programs, ineffective teachers and low expectations for students (â€Å"Nation†).   The panel producing the report called on federal and state authorities to address these issues because of the declining test scores of students in order to ensure that students of today were prepared to be productive members of society tomorrow. Despite the federal monies that were then placed into education the educational systems of the nation did not heed the advice of the panel and no significant effort was made to reform public education completely throughout the ’90s and the presidency of Bill Clinton.   It was not until 2001 that George W. Bush signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act that mandated educational reform and provided for consequences if all children were not equally educated despite their socioeconomic class (â€Å"No Child†).   The legislation forced teachers and administrators to realize that lowering standards for any students meant lowering expectations, goals and opportunities and that impoverished students were being overlooked and cast aside. It is interesting to note, however, that Clinton speaks of her massive progress in educational reform while first lady and that National Ministries argues that standardized testing does not take into account the inabilities of poor children.   The fact remains that massive educational reform was not realized until the Clinton’s left office and that standardized testing completely opposes the notion that poor students cannot learn, as indicated in the report â€Å"A Nation at Risk†, which states: Our recommendations are based on the beliefs that everyone can learn, that everyone is born with an urge to learn which can be nurtured, that a solid high school education is within the reach of virtually all, and that life-long learning will equip people with the skills required for new careers and for citizenship. (â€Å"Nation†)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, despite the passage of NCLB into law in 2001 Lazarus contends that President Bush, speaking at the United Nations in 2005, discussed poverty and the need to create a global environment in which â€Å"the burden of poverty†¦is lifted†¦permanently† from the poor (para. 1-2).   Bush was speaking of economic change and the need for nations to come together to address the concern for the impoverished. However, according to Lazarus, Bush should have been considering how he could alter the nation’s educational system in order to ensure that children in the United States had the skills to be competitive in the globalized marketplace and potentially advance into higher education (para. 5).   It is evident that the call of Lazarus for educational reform in 2005 completely missed the reality that NCLB was signed into law in 2001. Devarics discussed the appointment of Barack Obama to the Senate Education Committee, stressing that Obama appeared to have two chief concerns regarding education.   These concerns included Obama’s focus on increasing Pell Grant funding provided by the federal government for college students and creating â€Å"innovative districts† that offered an alternative to traditional education (para. 7-12). Hillman supports the notion that methods must be altered by the government and society for aiding impoverished students in their pursuit of higher education (para. 3).   Hillman begins his article by stating that of the 14 most impoverished states 11 of them are located in the South, meaning that southern children are more inclined to â€Å"be left behind† than their northern counterparts (para. 2).   Yet, Hillman continues by stating that the most effective approach to assisting these students is to ensure that they have access to a college education and that funding, as well as programs, must be changed in order for a higher education to be a reality for the impoverished. The argument for equality in higher education is important, however, Kotlowitz contends that by the age of ten the identities and beliefs of children are being formed, which will influence every aspect of the child’s interaction with education and the social order (ix).   The view of Kotlowitz is significant because he spent two years investigating the lives of two male youths at the age of 10 that were struggling with poverty and the impact that poverty had on their lives and decisions.   The journalistic evidence of Kotlowitz, therefore, provides evidence that changing education must begin for youth is those children are even to consider the possibility of advancing on to college. Conclusion It is evident in the research that multiple ideas exist regarding poverty and education in the United States.   Clinton, Lazarus and the National Ministries speak as though no reform related to education has occurred in the past few decades and that this issue must be addressed.   Obama and Hillman conclude that in order to assist the poor with education increases in federal Pell Grants should be created.   Yet, what each of these arguments fails to realize is that federal mandates on educational reform were created in 2001 through NCLB.   These mandates are being called unfair and unsuccessful by some and ignored by many others.    Additionally, these mandates force those within the educational system to alter their educational programs specifically for the poor, including young children who are just beginning to make decisions about the rest of their lives.   There is no question that the views expressed in the research completely overlook the fact that no program for addressing the needs of the poor in education will ever be successful if those in authority fail to support it, or even attempt to try it for the benefit of those concerned.   Consequently the viewpoints expressed by all but Kotlowitz do not fully concentrate on the issue of poverty and education; rather they misrepresent this concern to the American people intentionally and with only political gain in mind. It is clear that there have been good policies in regard to education in the US, but such have always not been implemented. There have also been programs on grants to both rich and poor states in support of educational institutions, but distribution of them has for long been clouded in controversy. The only way that education among the poor citizens in the US can be uplifted is through outright implementation of all policies relating to education in good will. Works Cited â€Å"Advisory Group Meeting Refines Public Education Emphasis for Children in Poverty Initiative.† National Ministries. 2005. 23 Mar. 2008 . Clinton, Hillary. â€Å"Hillary Clinton: Child Poverty†. Care 2.   2008. 23 Mar. 2008 . Dervarics, Charles. â€Å"U.S. Sen. Barack Obama Joins Education Committee.† Diverse Education. 2006. 23 Mar. 2008 . Hillman, Nick. â€Å"Majority of Southern Public School Children Live in Poverty.† Sharing Witness. 2007. 23 Mar. 2008   .Kotlowitz, Alex. There Are No Children Here. New York: Doubleday. Lazarus, David. â€Å"Education Can Crush Poverty†. San Francisco Chronicle. 2005. 23 Mar. 2008 . â€Å"Nation at Risk: An Imperative for Educational Reform, A†.   U.S. Department of Education. 1983. 23 Mar. 2008 . â€Å"No Child Left Behind†.   United States Department of Education. 2008. 23 Mar. 2008 . UN Chronicle, Dec 2000 by Ramon Osiris   Blanco Poverty biggest factor in unequal education in United States, available at: http://technocrat.net/d/2006/12/27/12662, assessed on April 6, 2008

The Modern Alterations of Native American Life

Modern Native American life has changed drastically from that of what it used to be. One can only imagine how incredibly hard life would have been in the late 1800s without the help of modern technology. In James Welch's book, Fool's Crow, one not only learns what the Western United States was like in the late 1800s, but can also grasp the ways of early Native Americans. Fools Crow, the main character in the book, portrays exactly what the average Indian boy of his day was like. He had strong family values, faithful religious beliefs, and knew his direction in life. Unfortunately this is not so true for most Native Americans of today. Many current Indians are suffering from poor family structure, lack of education, and loss of religious beliefs. Family structure was one of the most important aspects of life for Native Americans of the 1800s. Back then there was almost no difference between an Indian man or woman's fifth cousins and his or hers sister. Both were treated the same, and both were respected immensely. But now the family structure of Native Americans has diminished. The communication between the majority of parents to children is very slim, if any, and many young Native Americans don't even have contact with there grandparents and other extended family. In Fools Crow's generation it was very common to often have ceremonies where all members of a family were expected to attend, whether they were a grandparent or a brother. This failure of family structure in modern Indians has caused many individuals to lack security and subsidity. Education is a problem among Native Americans as well. It used to be that when a young Native American turned a certain age it was his or her duty to learn the ways of survival. For boys it was hunting and learning to provide for his future family. For the women it was learning various duties such as cooking, tanning hides, and caring for the children. Indians used to educate themselves in order to survive as a team. Each person learned to do his or her specific duty in order to prosper individually, and as a tribe or band. But now education is substantially different. It still focuses on the essentials for survival and the need for one to prosper as an individual, but it lacks what white people are learning. Teachers on reservations are often the product of poor education themselves, and have nothing to offer young Native Americans. One of the most prominent problems, however, is that reservations can't afford to hire quality teachers to educate their children. Thus, there continues to be uneducated Native Americans, which, in turn, causes this misfortunate cataclysm to continue. Another, and most important, aspect for a specific group of people to thrive, is religion. Ever since the first civilized human lived, there was religion. For most people, religion is the glue that holds their life together. It helps to provide purpose and meaning to all life. Native Americans of the 1800s, and before then, held very strongly to their beliefs. Religion was in everything they did. Whether it was planting crops or going on a big hunt, religion was the key to it. But now the Native American's religious beliefs have faded dramatically. Most of today's Indian youths no longer believe or practice the religion of their ancestors. Without religion, modern Native Americans find themselves insecure in what their purpose in life is and they often lack moral responsibility as well. The key to possibly fixing this problem is to educate young Native Americans about what their people used to believe in, and what role it played back then. With some good leadership skills and a lot of enlightening, maybe the old Indian religion will be fully restored to what it once was. In conclusion, Native American culture is rapidly being destroyed. Modern Native Americans have lost what it takes to keep a culture alive; religion, structure, and education. If Native Americans are once again going to flourish as a ethnic society, people need to do whatever they can to help build back the essential parts of Native American life.

A Common Bound essays

A Common Bound essays The Homeric Code of Honor is that every Greek lived for. The aim was for immortality through fame. This fame could only be earned three was, one excellence by fighting or words. Second, time through honor or respect and Avoidance of shame. We are going to compare how Oedipus, Lysistrata and Agamemnon reached this goal of stardom. Oedipus is the ruler of a city called Thebes in Sophocleas Oedipus the King. In this story Cadmus was the founder of the city by fighting and defeating the dragon. After the dragons death cadmus decided to take the dragons teeth and sow them into the ground. By doing this Cadmus had built a heroic name for himself and for the people that were the first residents with him. Oedipus looked at this as a challenge for him and his people that he rules over to also make the heroic code just as Cadmus. Oedipus decided that his journey would be the Sphinx. The difference between this Cadmus and Oedipus is that of the Gods. Oedipus experiences throughout his journey no cooperation from the Gods or Goddesses. Lines 1282 1288 show an example of how Oedipus felt gods treated him: What is there now to love? What greeting can cheer me? Lead me away. Quickly, quickly! O led me out of the country to a distant land! I am beyond redemption accursed, beyond hope lost, the one man livin g whom all the gods most hate. Here we see Oedipuss arrogance throughout the play causes him the trouble with the all the gods. Though sheer determination and hard work Oedipus was able to crack the Spinxs riddle. Aristophanes Lysistrata deals with the Peloponesian War, and how the women are fed up with it and take action to stop the war. Each woman from both sides to come together and locked themselves up in the Acropolis for five days. The women told the men that this is a sex strike and until they both stop fighting they will stay locked up. The leader of the ...

Managing Markering Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Markering Communication - Essay Example Integrated Marketing Communications, or IMC, basically refers to the process of combining all the tools used in advertising so that they can function together. Promotion, one of the marketing mix’s 4 Ps, has its own combination of communication elements. All of these elements operate better if they are combined together than when they are used in isolation. Their functions are improved when integration incorporates more than the essential communication tools. There are other kinds of integration like vertical and horizontal integration. Horizontal Integration can happen across business functions as well as the marketing mix. For example, communications production, distribution, and finance should operate simultaneously when the telecom service providers seek to channel messages to their consumers. Different divisions like direct mail, sales, and advertising can operate concurrently via data integration. This calls for a marketing information structure which gathers and shares the pertinent information across different corporate divisions. Vertical Integration basically denotes that communications and marketing purposes have to be formed in such a way that they support the higher level commercial goals and objectives. Internal Integration, on the other hand, calls for all the staff to be kept informed and inspired about new advancements. In a telecom service provider, these could mean new corporate identities, new advertisements, new strategic partners or even new service standards.... Internal Integration, on the other hand, calls for all the staff to be kept informed and inspired about new advancements. In a telecom service provider, these could mean new corporate identities, new advertisements, new strategic partners or even new service standards (Schultz and Schultz, 2003). External integration calls for external allies like PR agencies and advertising to work collaboratively in order to avail an integrated and cohesive message. The main principles of integrated marketing communications comprise: Consistency: A major topic in integrated marketing is consistency. It basically speaks to delivering an identical message about a brand or service across all elements of the media. This is a function that can assist a telecom service provider to create a brand identity that is both effective as well as impressive. For example, a corporation with a high-quality brand has to ensure that its message to different media outlets maintain the same timbre of message that conve ys the promise of superb quality (Pelsmacker, Geuens and Bergh, 2004). If the business invests in an effective TV advertisement but cuts costs in its advertisements in print media, the clients will get a mixed message about the service. Distribution Considerations: Integrated marketing is also about the supply-chain outcomes of a service provider. This basically entails working with contractors that have good reputations that will raise the profile of the telecom service provider. It also means utilising information gathered during marketing to enhance services that meet customer expectations while also improving the general experience of the consumer. Interactive: Interactive marketing encourages and supports a two-way communication process with consumers. This

Consider a particular real organization of your choice which has an Essay - 1

Consider a particular real organization of your choice which has an international profile. Discuss how the organization is adopt - Essay Example The core intention of the company is to produce automobiles in accordance with the needs along with the requirements of the customers. Additionally, the company maintains a balance between its production services and other factors such as environment, drivability, safety and reliability [1] (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2013). In this respect, the company aims to offer vehicles of enhanced features, so that customers are availed with products beyond their expectations. The company, in order to retain its worldwide position and provide customers with quality products has developed an effective global network [2] (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2013). Supply chain management (SCM) and logistics play a decisive role for TMC in obtaining required materials from suppliers proficiently and providing finished products to customers in the market segments appropriately. In general, SCM is regarded as a process, which is involved in the movement along with the storage of materials from suppliers to cu stomers. ... In this regard, the company has developed ‘Toyota Production System’ (TPS) with the aim of ensuring that materials along with inventories are handled properly. Additionally, TPS ensures that manufacturing along with logistics operations of the company are managed and integrated with the suppliers along with the customers (Strategos, 2013; Ludwig, 2013). With this concern, this essay intends to discuss about how TMC is adopting the principles of environmental along with social sustainability particularly in its supply chain management and logistics operations by using certain relevant examples. Discussion Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Logistics In the present business scenario, market competition has augmented due to increased level of globalisation and advent of technologies. In this regard, business organisations are required to adopt effective strategies for the purpose of enhancing their respective operational efficiencies and meeting the needs of customers with o ffering innovative products and/or services to them in a timely manner. SCM is a process comprising different activities in accordance with which supply of raw materials and distributions of final products and/or services are based upon. It develops a linkage between the suppliers and the consumers, so that a business organisation is able to execute its business processes and operations in a cost-effective manner. SCM is a procedure of managing the logistic activities of an organisation in order to make its operation and distribution cycle more productive. Additionally, SCM and logistics operations are required to conduct their operations in a social responsible manner and must take into concern

Were agency problems responsible for the bankruptcy of Lehman brothers Dissertation

Were agency problems responsible for the bankruptcy of Lehman brothers in 2008 - Dissertation Example However, such event took place even after repeated assurances made by the chief executives of the company mentioning their claim that Lehman Brothers was financially sound, had high liquidity levels and the leverage was present at manageable levels. The fallout of this Wall Street financial institution resulted in shattering of the consumer confidence during a fragile time in the financial market. Soon after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, a lot of decisions taken by it were found to be questionable. This study entails with finding the reasons behind the fallout of Lehman Brothers. This research study would try to find out the possible causes behind such a historic event that took place in United States which had a significant impact not only in the country but worldwide. Lehman Brothers was founded in the year 1850 and was headquartered at New York, United States. Lehman Brothers was considered to be one of the most prominent investment banks in the world and was engaged in the business of providing financial services to governments, municipalities and corporations worldwide. It became one of the largest underwriters of United States mortgage bonds (Onaran, 2008). Apart from offering services related to investment banking, Lehman Brothers was also involved in business activities corresponding to selling and buying of US treasuries and they were the primary dealers. It has been believed that the abolition of Glass-Steagall Act marked the beginning of Lehman Brothers’ demise. This landmark legislative act which was institutional since the Great Depression helped in separating the interests of commercial and investment banks and thus prevented it to have competition between them (Fox, 2009). It also helped to protect the balance sheets of the com mercial and investment banks to by allowing them to focus on the business transactions that they used to manage in the best possible way. The investment banks were typically meant to maintain highly liquid assets in their portfolios. On the other hand commercial banks were meant to handle the portfolios that were highly capital intensive in nature including corporate or real estate investments. In addition to this, the Glass-Steagall Act helped insulating the company from collapsing in case of the failure of one of the sectors by preventing similar

The Peloponnesian War Essay Example for Free

The Peloponnesian War Essay The Greek empire did not comprise of any center for power ruling over the states, instead it consisted of numerous city-states each having independence and being governed in a manner separate from the rest. Where Athens had a democratic style of government, with everyone from the populace having the right to participate in the government (except for women and slaves), Sparta had a totalitarian form of governance. The populace was divided into 3 distinct classes which included Spartan men (who were all raised to be warriors), Spartan women (who were patriotic, proud, and exhibited more independence then women from other states) and finally Helots, or slaves (Adams). Aside from the political difference between the states, even their culture was vastly different. The lifestyles of Athenian citizens encouraged them to seek artistic and intellectual pursuits whereas Spartan men were trained to be soldiers from birth and led a life by the sword. Athens was the most powerful state amongst the other states in the Greek Empire. After the expulsion of the Persian from the continent by the Greek allies led by Athens, the state became the central power by increasing their forces and converting the ally states into tribute paying states with the money earned going into improving Athens infrastructure and help strengthen its naval fleet. It did not make matters any better when in a Helot uprising in Sparta, when Sparta called for aid from all the other Greek allies, it dismissed the contingent from Athens as they feared the troops would change sides and support the Helots instead, since Athens was a democratic state and Sparta was not. . The Peloponnesian War, which lasted from 431 – 404 BC provided the states a chance to enter into direct confrontation with each other to resolve their issues once and for all. In my opinion, the Peloponnesian War was an outlet for the states to finally destroy the others as each saw the others existence as an affront. The superiority of Athens and their cultural background clashed with the ferocity and dominant attitude of the Spartans and eventually an altercation would have taken place. This paper will identify the strengths of the two city-states, determine which factors gave them an edge over the other and will analyze whether the states where able to maximize the potential of those benefits. Military Background Athens Athens was the most prosperous state on the continent. It had wealth and a large population, being the centre for business and politics. After the Persian invasion, Athens took on the leading role and used its position to build its own state far surpassing the others. When the Persians had been defeated, the allies of Athens were reduced to subservient tribute paying states that were supposed to aid Athens prosper even more. The policies adopted by Athens towards the other states exhibit the superior attitude with which Athens looked upon the other states. Athens had a defensive wall built around its city which made land attacks impractical and futile. Since the Persians had left and Athens had begun work to strengthen the walls, Sparta had seriously been against the measure as they recognize the tactical benefit Athens would obtain as Sparta would have difficulty in defeating Athens with the presence of the wall. Athens also had a strong naval fleet. Its fleets were much superior to the other states’ and it was able to maximize upon its advantage by using said fleets to ravage the Peloponnesus (Hooker, 1999). Sparta Sparta, as mentioned earlier, was a state which trained every one of its inhabitants to become warriors. From birth onwards, Spartan men lived a life of training and fighting to become the ultimate soldiers. Therefore the Spartan army relied on its brute strength and its training superiority. The Spartan infantry was more numerous than the Athenian and in size; the Spartan army far surpassed the other states’. Throughout the course of the Peloponnese War, Sparta used its numbers to ravage the territory around Athens (Attica in general). Historical Events Exhibiting Military Strategies The first war between Sparta and Athens was the Archidamian War, named after the Spartan king, was initiated by the Spartans. The Spartan troops invaded the lands surrounding Athens and were meant to deprive the city-state of its food source and access to its productive land. The strategy employed by the Spartans was a strategy any land based army would adopt. To cut off supplies and eventually force the opponent to surrender is probably the most successful way to gain victory without shedding much blood on the attacker’s side. Spartan troops however were unable to succeed by this strategy as Athens was able to acquire food and material via its ports which it still had access to. The Spartan army itself was unable to stay over long periods of time due to the harvesting of their own crops and the inability to leave the helots unsupervised in the home state. The success of sieges work only if they are meant to last over longer durations, but the Spartans were able to stay at most for 40 days. From the start of the War we can see that the strengths of both the armies were conflicting with each other and an outright battle to rule was out of the question as both sides wished to play by their strengths. Athens adopted the strategy to avoid any land battles with its far more superior opponent due to its numbers and experience in land battles. But in 430 BC an outbreak of plague hit the city and roughly one third of the Athens population died. But the plague had the effect that the Spartan armies did not want to catch the sickness and decided to put the ravaging expeditions on a hold as it would bring them in proximity to the Athenians (B. Strassler, 1996). After recovering from the plague, Athens launched an offensive by sending out its naval troops to ravage the port cities of the Peloponnesus. Athens began stretching its military activities to further reaches and began setting up posts in the Peloponnesus bringing the war closer to the Spartans. Instead of engaging in direct confrontations, the Athenian forces began drawing the Spartan helots to them which crippled Sparta as most of the domestic work was tended to by these slaves. Sparta led an expedition to the Athenian colony of Amphipolis, which was controlled nearby silver mines which basically funded the Athenian troops. A war was fought in Brasidas which eventually led to the two states signing a truce which lasted 6 years (ThinkQuest). The truce was an excuse for both sides to build up their strengths as both had faced economic losses. During the era of peace, the Athenians were able to gather support from the states of Argos, Mantinea and Arcadia. The allied coalition appeared to get early victories but was eventually crushed by the Spartan forces. It can clearly be seen that Sparta had the major advantage in land battles and that Athens was initially wise in avoiding direct clashes as in the battle of Mantinea, which was the largest land battle fought in the Peloponnesian War, Sparta was able to crush its opponents brutally. The deciding battle in the war could probably be the Sicilian expedition. Syracuse (which shared the same race as the Spartans) were attacking Sicily (which shared the race with Athenians). Since Sicily was the second largest state and would have provided much needed resource to Athens, Athens decided to help them. Troops sent for aiding Sicily proved incapable of defeating the Syracusan forces. While the Athenian forces waited to gather more allies in the surrounding vicinity, Syracuse was able to get the support from Sparta which tipped the scale in Sparta’s favor. Around this time Athens was facing harsh times as Spartan forces had made access to their lands difficult and food and other necessities had to be shipped in which cost a lot to the Athens government. The main source of funding for the Athenian forces was the silver mines which had now been taken over by the Spartans. To accommodate for the decrease in capital, Athens began demanding more tribute from its allies. This created friction amongst the coalition and would eventually lead to dissatisfaction in the allies. (Hanson, 2005) Realizing the tactical advantage Athens possessed due to its navy, Sparta contacted the Persians and took their aid in building its own navy. The navy would prove to be the decisive factor as in 405 the critical blow hit Athens when the Spartan commander Lysander took his navy northward to Hellespont and destroyed the Athenian forces existing there. This blow seemed too big to bear and Athens eventually conceded defeat and had to succumb to the humiliating terms laid down by the Spartans (Thucydides Lattimore, 1998). Personal Observations Pertaining to the Peloponnesian War The war was not won due to the number of forces or the number of allies that any side had but it relied on the ability of the army to change to meet the situation. Both sides possessed benefits in separate areas, with Spartans having superiority on land and Athens having the superiority on the seas. But Sparta was constantly reevaluating its approaches and battle plans and would accommodate for the situation at hand. Rather than relying strictly on sieges and confronting on the mainland, Sparta developed its own naval strength and reduced the competitive advantage that the Athens forces had over it. Even though from the beginning Sparta would have been deemed as the military superior, Athens had a number of opportunities to tip the war in their favor. Such as during the Sicilian expedition, it was mismanagement and lethargy which cost the Athens forces defeat. Conclusion The strengths of the two states were clearly exhibited in this research paper but no amount of strength is affective if it does not keep training and does not keep advancing. The Athens forces made this mistake by simply relying on one’s strength and believing it would win them the war where in truth Sparta proved to be the wiser of the two and used the opponent’s strength, incorporated into its own arsenal and eventually won the war. The Spartans were able to not only maximize on their own strength during the war (land based warfare) but created advancements in their weakness as well and had they not done so, the war would have lasted for numerous more years due to an intermittent deadlock as both sides initially had opposing tactical advantages. References Adams, P. (n. d. ). Comparing Athens and Sparta. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from Discovery Education: http://school. discoveryeducation. com/lessonplans/programs/spartans/ B. Strassler, R. (1996). In R. B. Strassler, The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War. New York: The Free Press. Hanson, V. D. (2005). In V. D. Hanson, A War Like No Other: How the Athenians and Spartans Fought the Peloponnesian War. New York: Random House. Hooker, R. (1999, June 6). Ancient Greece. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from Ancient Greece: The Peloponnesian War: http://wsu. edu/~dee/GREECE/PELOWARS. HTM ThinkQuest. (n. d. ). Peleponnesian War. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from ThinkQuest. com: http://library. thinkquest. org/17709/wars/peloponn. htm Thucydides, Lattimore, S. (1998). In S. Lattimore, The Peloponnesian War. Hackett Publishing.

The Differences Between Reward and Recognition

The Differences Between Reward and Recognition Whilst these terms are often used interchangeably, reward and recognition systems should be conceived individually. Employee reward systems pertain to programs arrange by a organization to reward performance and motivate employees on separate and/or team levels. Theyre generally conceived individual from pay but possibly pecuniary in nature or differently have a monetary value to the organization. Although antecedently believed the area of big companies, small business sector have also commenced hiring them as a instrument to entice top employees in a competitive job market as well as to increase employee performance. As observed, while employee acknowledgment programs are frequently aggregated with reward programs they hold a different aim altogether. Recognition programs are normally not pecuniary in nature although they may have a cost to the organiozation. What is Merit Pay? In contrast to bonuses and incentives, merit pay requires giving employees a permanent pay rise established on his/her past performance. Often the companys performance appraisal system (PAS) is used to check performance levels and the employees are granted a salary increase, such as a 10% increment in pay. One likely problem with merit pay is that employees come to expect pay increments. In companies that give yearly merit raises without a different raise for increments in cost of living, merit pay finishes up serving as a cost-of-living allowance and creates a feel of entitlement on the part of employees, with even low performers anticipating them. Therefore, making merit pay more effectual depends upon making it genuinely dependent on performance and designing a comparatively objective appraisal system. What are Compensation Factors that Management Should Consider? When management is setting salaries for thier employees there are numerous factors to consider. Their compensation should be decided by more than just whether they can do work for you or not? Management need to be sure that theyre looking at what compensation factors will impact those that work for them. Theyve to remember that employees are going to go where it will be of more benefit to them. That means that management require to be able to make a good offer if they want employees to work for them. listed below are few thoughts for compensation factors that management should consider. For each business sector there will be different applications, so not all of them are right for your choice of business. What type of business sector you own. If you are a sales outlet then commission will work great, but if you are a production company then sales will not impact many of your workers. The different sections and divisions within the business enterprise will also make a difference. The waitresses will be able to accumulate tips but the cooks arent out with the customers to be tipped. The list of duties and responsibilities that are anticipated of the employee. At the lowest of the food chain there will be less obligation, if the person that just got employed is making as is as the supervisor over them, but the duties are different, you may find youve few disturbed supervisors. As their job requisites increase there should be more compensation given. The time and exertion that has put into the job. Youll find that some employees have a driving force to do everything they can to give it their best. Other people will be more prepared to take the minimal workload and be through with work the moment the clock assures them its alright. For those employees that volunteer to do more and that give a distinguished effort, there should be more compensation for them. If youre anticipating committee members to set up a presentation, give them additional pay for the time they put into it. On that same note, youll find that some people are collecting the abate from those that are just there to do the lowest they can. For those that are accepting additional and doing all they can to compensate for those that do not care, there should be a reward. They should be acknowledged for their efforts and compensated in addition to their normal salaries. When an employee is employed, look at their education. If theyve an accounting degree and youre seeking a financial consultant or an accountant, then you should be conformable pay a little more for their knowledge. Youll have applicants that come in below and over qualified, be sure that youve adequate compensation budgeted that you are able to hire the person with the right knowledge for your company. Consider their work history. If theyve years of experience, they should be compensated. Those years help you to have that much more of an advantage, adding their education to their experience you may have someone that can make a big difference in your company. Also, if you are employing even for the least job, then you need to know that theyre going to be with you for at least a good amount of time. Its expensive to train, so if you are able to reward them for being at their preceding jobs for an extensive amount of time then you may find a patriotic employee. Remember that happy employees are the only way to keep a business running in the right direction. How to Motivate Employees at Workplace? By Updating the Employee of the Month program: Besides placing their picture and alloting them a terrific parking zone, give them something they could actually enjoy, Something that will motivate your staff to be the best they can be. Commence by determining a goal for your staff: Getting them recognise what youd like do and allowing them help come up with a plan of action to accomplish that goal. And after that, inform them what their reward will be for finishing the task. Motivate employees with a free day: You can motivate employees by giving them a day off from work and a free pass to watch some movie or enjoy hi-tea etc. A day off with salary is something every employee wish to savor! It will surely motivate employees to work for those day offs with free passes. Family Day: How about planning a family day for the employees where they are invited along with their immediate familes to enjoy a fun-filled day. There could be various activities invloved for children and others to enjoy. Donuts Treat: Sometimes actions like as simple as buying donuts and coffee for your employees once a week and discussing something other than work for an hour or so will motivate employees also. You need to show your care to employees. Annual and Individual Bonuses: Annual Bonuses are basically one-time rewards that might be in result of some specific achievements of employees. For instance, an employee who accomplishes the quarterly goals set for his/her may be rewarded with a lump sum bonus. Employee motivation consequent from a bonus is normally related to the degree of advanced knowledge considering bonus particulars. Team Bonuses: There are certain situations in which employees should collaborate with one another and setting apart employee performance is harder, companies are progressively recurring to binding employee pay to team performance. E.g., in 2007, Wal-Mart gave incentives to around 80% of their associates based on overall store performance. If employees have a reasonable power to enhance their overall teams performance level, these programs can be handy. Organizational Examples: Following rewards and compensation benefits are seen in different renowned organizations around the globe. Wal-Mart Stores: Out of many factors that have resulted in the success of Wal-Mart is its happy employees. Wal-Mart has successfully managed to rtain happy bunch of employees through effective motivation. Motivation at Wal-Mart can be seen at all levels of positions and departments at Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart have various motivational techniques in order to prove that they not only care about profit they attain through their workforce, but employees personal b eing as well. Here are some other ways of motivation in palce at Wal-Mart Stores: Calling employess as associates onstead of employee Calling eachother by their first name from top management to hourly associates. Giving respect to each associate irrespective of their .position in the company. Health insurance for each associate and their immediate family members. By hiring a psycologist to give counseling to associates facing some problems. Mobilink GSM Pakistan Mobilink runs its business enterprise on the basis of its slogan that Our people are our greatest assets. We take great pride in admitting the contribution each one of us makes. Mobilink use the following motivational techniques to motivate their employees: Management by objectives Employee acknowledgment programs Employee engagement programs Variable salary programs Skill-based salary plans Compromising benefits. Nestle Pakistan Ltd. Specified contribution program: The Company engages a accredited provident fund for all its regular employees. Equal monthly shares are constituted to the fund both by the Company and the employees at the rate of 12% of the basic pay and cost of living allowance in addition to it. Nestle has clear plans for betterment of its employees, thus leaving employees with clear knowledge of how the organization is caring about its employees by providing sustainable resources in terms of health, insurance and incentives etc. Suggestions and ideas towards the betterment of any organizational processes are encourged. Other main facilities which Nestle grants to its employees to keep them motivated at workpalce are: Incremented salary Job Security and Integrity Annual Gratuity Annual Bonuses Old age benefits Residence facilities and Allownces Transportation Health and safety Telenor Pakistan Ltd. Below are different ways in which employees are motivated at Telenor Pakistan are: Solving everyday residence issues of employees including remodeling, repairs, house-sitting, etc. Supporting in any legal issues. Supporting in financial issues. Education plans for childrens. Health care. Tesco UK Staff training and devlopment programs Discount for staff purchases Club points system Flexibility Bonuses Free uniform Holidays/holiday vouchers Free Passes Open opportunities Unilever India Motivational techniques in place at Unilever India, includes Provident fund, off days. Pick and drop facility, training camps, health care, meternity care and pesion schemes. Flex Industries Limited   At Flex Industries Ltd, they have a generous incentive scheme, which has assisted them in increasing productiveness by 30-40% as well as minimizing wastage by 2-3 %. Bonuses are extended to all levels of employees. Ford Workplace safety Diversitification Professional Growth and devlopment Achievement rewards Trainings Remuneration and benefits Volvo A Learning and competitive Environment A Fair Wage Policy Regular Medical Examination of all employees Openness and Respect amongst co-workers Measuring Progress with effective performance appraisal system Rewards Diversity Volkswagen Attractive employment plans Job security Good working climate through leadership and cooperation payment in line with performance Personal development opportunities Coca Cola By furnishing competitive compensation and benefits, coca cola endeavor to motivate its employees though bounding employee turnover. Besides compensation and benefits, coca cola also extend several other programs for its employees that broaden beyond the workplace. For example, as part of its loyalty to youth development, Coca cola offer college scholarship opportunities to the children of its employees. coca cola also provide opportunities for employees to improve their educational standing.